# builtin * [eval](#eval) * [bash variables](#bash-variables) * [to check the script is been sourced or run directly](#to-check-the-script-is-been-sourced-or-run-directly) * [PS4](#ps4) * [set](#set) * [show current status](#show-current-status) * [option name](#option-name) * [shopt](#shopt) * [options](#options) * [examples](#examples) * [readline && bind](#readline--bind) * [vi mode](#vi-mode) * [hybrid mode](#hybrid-mode) * [show-mode-in-prompt](#show-mode-in-prompt) * [show options](#show-options) * [key bindings](#key-bindings) * [list all names](#list-all-names) * [`inputrc`](#inputrc) * [unbind](#unbind) * [tips](#tips) * [test](#test) > \[!TIP|label:references:] > > * [3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Shell-Parameter-Expansion.html) > * [How can I use variable variables (indirect variables, pointers, references) or associative arrays?](http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/006) > * [risk](https://stackoverflow.com/a/55331060/2940319) > * [Eval command and security issues](http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/048) > * [Builtin Commands](https://web.archive.org/web/20230328220001/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/start) ### eval {% hint style="info" %} **eval** — **construct command by concatenating arguments** **reference**: > * [Bash eval command](https://linuxhint.com/bash_eval_command/) > * [functions / eval (source, CPAN)](https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/eval) > * [What is the “eval” command in bash?](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/23117/29178) > {% endhint %} * example * without `eval`: ```bash $ foo='ls | less' $ $foo ls: cannot access '|': No such file or directory ls: cannot access 'less': No such file or directory ``` * with `eval`: ```bash $ foo='ls | less' $ eval "${foo}" Applications Library System Users ... ``` * or with `bash -c` ```bash $ bash -c "${foo}" ``` * example ```bash $ x=10 $ y=x $ foo='$'$x $ echo $foo $x # with eval $ eval foo='$'$x # with eval $ echo $foo 10 # or $ foo=\$$x $ eval echo $foo # with eval 10 $ echo $foo $x ``` ### [bash variables](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-Variables.html) | VARIABLES | DESCRIPTION | | ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `${BASH_SOURCE[0]}` | Path to the source file where the current script or function definition resides | | `${FUNCNAME[0]}` | Name of the currently executing function | | `${LINENO}` | Current line number within the script or function where this variable is referenced | | `${BASH_VERSION}` | Version string of the running Bash interpreter | | `${BASH_LINENO[@]}` | Line numbers of each function call in the call stack | | `${BASH_ARGV[@]}` | All passed arguments (in reverse order) | | `${BASH_ARGC[@]}` | Number of arguments received by each function in the call stack | ```bash $ cat main.sh echo "\$0 : $0" echo "\${BASH_SOURCE[0]} : ${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" # -- run directly -- $ bash main.sh $0 : main.sh ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} : main.sh # -- source -- $ source main.sh $0 : -bash ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} : main.sh ``` #### to check the script is been sourced or run directly ```bash if [[ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" == "${0}" ]]; then echo "Script is being run directly" else echo "Script is being sourced" fi ``` #### PS4 > \[!NOTE] > > * main.sh > > > ```bash > > set -o pipefail > > > > function foo() { echo "\$0 : $0"; } > > function bar() { echo "\${BASH_SOURCE[0]} : ${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"; } > > > > foo > > bar > > ``` > > * [ansi color](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/ibook/good/colors) > * [3-bit or 4-bit](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/ibook/colors#3-bit-or-4-bit) > * [8-bit](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/ibook/colors#8-bit) > * [24-bit](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/ibook/colors#24-bit) ```bash # using basename to avoid the long full path # +---------------------+ $ export PS4='+\033[38;5;240;3m($(basename ${BASH_SOURCE})\033[0m:\033[36;2;3m$(printf "%3d" ${LINENO})\033[0m\033[37;2;3m):\033[0m\033[35;2;3m${FUNCNAME[0]:+ ${FUNCNAME[0]}():}\033[0m ' # +------+ + italic | | + italic | | + italic # | | + dim | + dim # + the #240 color (dark gray) + cyan + magenta $ echo -e $PS4 +($(basename ${BASH_SOURCE}):$(printf "%3d" ${LINENO})):${FUNCNAME[0]:+ ${FUNCNAME[0]}():} $ bash -x $HOME/main.sh +(main.sh: 3): set -o pipefail +(main.sh: 12): main +(main.sh: 8): main(): foo +(main.sh: 5): foo(): echo '$0 : /Users/marslo/main.sh' $0 : /Users/marslo/main.sh +(main.sh: 9): main(): bar +(main.sh: 6): bar(): echo '${BASH_SOURCE[0]} : /Users/marslo/main.sh' ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} : /Users/marslo/main.sh ``` ![bash ps4](https://4276369325-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FpuTw6o3ALq0J3Uf7ELc7%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-e6cbeae4c6bbb8448aee5a958fdc18d2c77f5bd5%2Fbash-ps4-1.png?alt=media) ```bash $ export PS4='+\033[38;5;245m[\033[38;5;243m$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE}")\033[38;5;245m:\033[0;36m${LINENO}\033[38;5;245m]\033[0;35m${FUNCNAME[0]:+ ${FUNCNAME[0]}()}\033[0;32m ▶ \033[0m' $ bash -x $HOME/main.sh +[main.sh:3] ▶ set -o pipefail +[main.sh:12] ▶ main +[main.sh:8] main() ▶ foo +[main.sh:5] foo() ▶ echo '$0 : /Users/marslo/main.sh' $0 : /Users/marslo/main.sh +[main.sh:9] main() ▶ bar +[main.sh:6] bar() ▶ echo '${BASH_SOURCE[0]} : /Users/marslo/main.sh' ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} : /Users/marslo/main.sh ``` ![bash ps4 - 2](https://4276369325-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FpuTw6o3ALq0J3Uf7ELc7%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-ec7c939dc213b8c325657892214f4f2131a72b0d%2Fbash-ps4-2.png?alt=media) ### [set](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Set-Builtin.html) > \[!NOTE]**reference**: > > * [Writing Robust Bash Shell Scripts](https://www.davidpashley.com/articles/writing-robust-shell-scripts/) > * [用内置的set和shopt命令来设置bash的选项](https://blog.csdn.net/tonyyong90/article/details/105606638) > * [Bash history reuse and bang commands](https://softpanorama.org/Scripting/Shellorama/Bash_as_command_interpreter/bash_command_history_reuse.shtml) > * [History Expansion](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/History-Interaction.html) | [Event Designators](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Event-Designators.html#Event-Designators) > * `!!`: to repeat last commands > * `set +H` or `set +o histexpand` to disable > * `set -H` or `set -o histexpand` to enable > * more via `$ man bash | less -Ip 'Event Designators'` > * **set** > > ``` > set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o option-name] [argument …] > set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o option-name] [argument …] > ``` > * example > > ```bash > $ set | grep -e SHELLOPTS -e BASHOPTS > BASHOPTS=cdspell:checkwinsize:cmdhist:complete_fullquote:expand_aliases:extglob:extquote:force_fignore:globasciiranges:histappend:interactive_comments:login_shell:progcomp:promptvars:sourcepath > SHELLOPTS=braceexpand:emacs:hashall:histexpand:history:interactive-comments:monitor > ``` > * [Use Bash Strict Mode (Unless You Love Debugging)](http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/) | OPTION | EXPLANATION | | :--------------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | `-a` | `-o allexport` | | `-b` | cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately | | `-e` |

-o errexit
Exit immediately if a pipeline returns a non-zero status

| | `-f` | Disable filename expansion (globbing) | | `-h` | `-o hashall` | | `-k` | `-o keyword` | | `-m` | `-o monitor` | | `-n` | `-o noexec` | | `-o option-name` | see [option name](#option-name) | | `-p` |

-o privileged
the $BASH\_ENV and $ENV files are not processed

| | `-t` | `-o onecmd` | | `-u` |

-o unset
treat unset variables and parameters other than the special parameters '@' or '\*' as an error

| | `-v` |

verbose.
print shell input lines as they are read

| | `-x` |

-o xtrace
\[debug] print commands and their arguments as they are executed

| | `-B` |

-o braceexpand
shell will perform brace expansion

| | `-c` |

-o noclobber
prevent output redirection using '>', '>&', and '<>' from overwriting existing files.

| | `-E` | `-o errtrace` | | `-H` | `-o histexpand` | | `-P` | do not resolve symbolic links | | `-T` |

-o functrace
any trap on DEBUG and RETURN are inherited by shell functions

| | `--` | if no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset | | `-` | signal the end of options, cause all remaining arguments to be assigned to the positional parameters | #### show current status * show on/off ```bash $ set -o ``` ```bash $ set -o allexport off braceexpand on emacs on errexit off errtrace off functrace off hashall on histexpand on history on ignoreeof off interactive-comments on keyword off monitor on noclobber off noexec off noglob off nolog off notify off nounset off onecmd off physical off pipefail off posix off privileged off verbose off vi off xtrace off ``` * show +o/-o ```bash $ set +o ``` ```bash $ set +o set +o allexport set -o braceexpand set -o emacs set +o errexit set +o errtrace set +o functrace set -o hashall set -o histexpand set -o history set +o ignoreeof set -o interactive-comments set +o keyword set -o monitor set +o noclobber set +o noexec set +o noglob set +o nolog set +o notify set +o nounset set +o onecmd set +o physical set +o pipefail set +o posix set +o privileged set +o verbose set +o vi set +o xtrace ``` #### option name | option | expression | | :-----------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | `allexport` | Same as `-a`. | | `braceexpand` | Same as `-B`. | | `emacs` |

Use an emacs-style line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for read -e.

| | `errexit` | Same as `-e`. | | `errtrace` | Same as `-E`. | | `functrace` | Same as `-T`. | | `hashall` | Same as `-h`. | | `histexpand` | Same as `-H`. | | `history` | Enable command history, as described in Bash History Facilities. This option is on by default in interactive shells. | | `ignoreeof` | An interactive shell will not exit upon reading EOF. | | `keyword` | Same as `-k`. | | `monitor` | Same as `-m`. | | `noclobber` | Same as `-C`. | | `noexec` | Same as `-n`. | | `noglob` | Same as `-f`. | | `nolog` | Currently ignored. | | `notify` | Same as `-b`. | | `nounset` | Same as `-u`. | | `onecmd` | Same as `-t`. | | `physical` | Same as `-P`. | | `pipefail` | If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. | | `posix` | Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (see Bash POSIX Mode). This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that standard. | | `privileged` | Same as `-p`. | | `verbose` | Same as `-v`. | | `vi` | Use a vi-style line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for read `-e`. | | `xtrace` | Same as `-x`. | ### [shopt](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/the-shopt-builtin.html) {% hint style="info" %} > [**set VS. shopt**](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/490474/29178) > > * `set` originates from the bourne shell (sh) and is part of the POSIX standard; > * `shopt` is bourne-again shell (bash) specific > > ```bash > $ set | grep -e SHELLOPTS -e BASHOPTS > # for shopt > BASHOPTS=cdspell:checkwinsize:cmdhist:complete_fullquote:expand_aliases:extglob:extquote:force_fignore:globasciiranges:histappend:interactive_comments:login_shell:progcomp:promptvars:sourcepath > # for set > SHELLOPTS=braceexpand:emacs:hashall:histexpand:history:interactive-comments:monitor > > $ set -o | column -t | grep -v off > braceexpand on > emacs on > hashall on > histexpand on > history on > interactive-comments on > monitor on > > $ shopt | column -t | grep -v off > cdspell on > checkwinsize on > cmdhist on > complete_fullquote on > expand_aliases on > extglob on > extquote on > force_fignore on > globasciiranges on > histappend on > interactive_comments on > login_shell on > progcomp on > promptvars on > sourcepath on > ``` {% endhint %} > \[!TIP|label:tips:] > > * [iMarslo : filename expansion](https://github.com/marslo/ibook/blob/marslo/docs/cheatsheet/bash/bash.html#filename-expansion)\ > check the shopt on/off ( `set +o` ) > * off > > ```bash > $ shopt -u extglob > $ shopt extglob > extglob off > $ echo $? > 1 > ``` > * on > > ```bash > $ shopt -s extglob > $ shopt extglob > extglob on > $ echo $? > 0 > ``` > > check without output via `-q` > > * on > > ```bash > $ shopt -q extglob; echo $? > 0 > ``` > * off > > ```bash > $ shopt -q failglob; echo $? > 1 > ``` {% hint style="info" %} > shopt > > ```bash > shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname …] > ``` {% endhint %} | option | expression | | :----: | ------------------------ | | `-s` | enable ( \[s]et ) | | `-u` | disable ( \[u]nset ) | | `-q` | suppresses normal output | | `-o` | `set -o` | #### options * `assoc_expand_once` * `autocd` * `cdable_vars` * `cdspell` * `checkhash` * `checkjobs` * `checkwinsize` * `cmdhist` * `compat31` * `compat32` * `compat40` * `compat41` * `compat42` * `compat43` * `compat44` * `complete_fullquote` * `direxpand` * `dirspell` * `dotglob` * `-s`: `*` will including all `.*` * `execfail` * `expand_aliases` * `extdebug` * `extglob` * `extquote` * `failglob` * `-s`: show error msg and cmd not been exectued * `force_fignore` * `globasciiranges` * `globstar` * `gnu_errfmt` * `histappend` * `histreedit` * `histverify` * `hostcomplete` * `huponexit` * `inherit_errexit` * `interactive_comments` * `lastpipe` * `lithist` * `localvar_inherit` * `localvar_unset` * `login_shell` * `mailwarn` * `no_empty_cmd_completion` * `nocaseglob` * `nocasematch` * `nullglob` * `progcomp` * `progcomp_alias` * `promptvars` * `restricted_shell` * `shift_verbose` * `sourcepath` * `xpg_echo` #### examples * show all status ```bash $ shopt | column -t # or $ shopt -p ``` ```bash $ shopt | column -t autocd off assoc_expand_once off cdable_vars off cdspell on checkhash off checkjobs off checkwinsize on cmdhist on compat31 off compat32 off compat40 off compat41 off compat42 off compat43 off compat44 off complete_fullquote on direxpand off dirspell off dotglob off execfail off expand_aliases on extdebug off extglob on extquote on failglob off force_fignore on globasciiranges on globskipdots on globstar off gnu_errfmt off histappend on histreedit off histverify off hostcomplete off huponexit off inherit_errexit off interactive_comments on lastpipe off lithist off localvar_inherit off localvar_unset off login_shell on mailwarn off no_empty_cmd_completion off nocaseglob off nocasematch off noexpand_translation off nullglob off patsub_replacement on progcomp on progcomp_alias off promptvars on restricted_shell off shift_verbose off sourcepath on varredir_close off xpg_echo off ``` ```bash $ shopt -p shopt -u autocd shopt -u assoc_expand_once shopt -u cdable_vars shopt -s cdspell shopt -u checkhash shopt -u checkjobs shopt -s checkwinsize shopt -s cmdhist shopt -u compat31 shopt -u compat32 shopt -u compat40 shopt -u compat41 shopt -u compat42 shopt -u compat43 shopt -u compat44 shopt -s complete_fullquote shopt -u direxpand shopt -u dirspell shopt -u dotglob shopt -u execfail shopt -s expand_aliases shopt -u extdebug shopt -s extglob shopt -s extquote shopt -u failglob shopt -s force_fignore shopt -s globasciiranges shopt -u globstar shopt -u gnu_errfmt shopt -s histappend shopt -u histreedit shopt -u histverify shopt -u hostcomplete shopt -u huponexit shopt -u inherit_errexit shopt -s interactive_comments shopt -u lastpipe shopt -u lithist shopt -u localvar_inherit shopt -u localvar_unset shopt -s login_shell shopt -u mailwarn shopt -u no_empty_cmd_completion shopt -u nocaseglob shopt -u nocasematch shopt -u nullglob shopt -s progcomp shopt -u progcomp_alias shopt -s promptvars shopt -u restricted_shell shopt -u shift_verbose shopt -s sourcepath shopt -u xpg_echo ``` * show single option ```bash # shopt -s sourcepath $ shopt -q sourcepath; echo $? 0 # shopt -u xpg_echo $ shopt -q xpg_echo; echo $? 1 ``` * [save terminal commands in bash history in real time](https://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/8555/save-your-terminal-commands-in-bash-history-in-real-time) ```bash $ shopt -s histappend ; PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a;$PROMPT_COMMAND" ``` ### [readline](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Command-Line-Editing.html) && [bind](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-Builtins.html#index-bind) > \[!NOTE|label:references:] > > * [GNU Readline Library](https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rluserman.html) > * [Readline Interaction](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Readline-Interaction.html) > * [Readline Bare Essentials](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Readline-Bare-Essentials.html) > * [Readline Movement Commands](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Readline-Movement-Commands.html) > * [Readline Killing Commands](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Readline-Killing-Commands.html) > * [Readline Init File](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Readline-Init-File.html) > * [Sample Init File](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Sample-Init-File.html) > * [\* hybrid readline](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/409866/29178) > * [mrzool/dotfiles/readline/.inputrc](https://github.com/mrzool/dotfiles/blob/master/readline/.inputrc) > * pdf > * [Readline VI Editing Mode Cheat Sheet Default Keyboard Shortcuts for Bash](https://catonmat.net/ftp/bash-vi-editing-mode-cheat-sheet.pdf) > * [Readline Emacs Editing Mode Cheat Sheet Default Keyboard Shortcuts for Bash](https://catonmat.net/ftp/readline-emacs-editing-mode-cheat-sheet.pdf)
> * [readline init file syntax](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Readline-Init-File-Syntax.html) | KEY | EXPLAIN | | :----: | ------------------------------- | | `\C-` | control prefix | | `\M-` | meta prefix | | `\e` | an escape character | | `\\` | backslash | | `\"` | ", a double quotation mark | | `\'` | ', a single quote or apostrophe | | `\a` | alert (bell) | | `\b` | backspace | | `\d` | delete | | `\f` | form feed | | | newline | | | carriage return | | | horizontal tab | | `\v` | vertical tab | | `\nnn` | octal value | | `\xHH` | hexadecimal value | > * more samples > * `"\e[11~"` : `ESC [ 1 1 ~’` : "Function Key 1" > * keyname > > ```bash > Control-u: universal-argument > Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word > Control-o: "> output" > ``` > * keyseq > > ```bash > "\C-u": universal-argument > "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file > "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" > ``` > * [\* useful keystrokes](https://www.usenix.org.uk/content/bash.html#input) | EMACS COMBINATION | VI | RESULT | | :---------------: | :----: | ----------------------------------------------------------- | | `alt-.` | - | last arg from previous command | | `alt-d` | `^[dw` | delete the next word on the line | | `alt-backspace` | `^[db` | delete backwards one word | | `ctrl-w` | `^[dT` | delete backwards a whole word until white space/punctuation | | `ctrl-k` | `^[D` | delete from the cursor to the end of the line | | `ctrl-u` | `^[d^` | delete from the cursor to the start of the line | | `alt-f` | `^[E` | move to the end of the word | | `alt-b` | `^[w` | move to the start of the word | | `ctrl-e` | `^[$` | move to the very end of the line | | `ctrl-a` | `^[^` | move to the very start of the line | #### vi mode > \[!NOTE] > > * [GNU Library: 1.5 Readline vi Mode](https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rluserman.html#Readline-vi-Mode) > * [Use vi shortcuts in terminal](https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Use_vi_shortcuts_in_terminal) > * [Toggling Vi mode?](https://www.reddit.com/r/bash/comments/i1vuz4/comment/g00yn85/?utm_source=share\&utm_medium=web2x\&context=3) > * [readline: difference between vi, vi-move, vi-command, vi-insert keymaps](https://superuser.com/a/286788/112396) > * [How can I make zsh's vi mode behave more like bash's vi mode?](https://superuser.com/a/533685/112396) > * [map jj to Esc in inputrc (readline)](https://stackoverflow.com/a/7979417/2940319) > * [What are the unique keymaps?](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/303480/29178) > > ```bash > Acceptable keymap names are emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, > vi, vi-move, vi-command, and vi-insert. > vi is equivalent to vi-command; emacs is equivalent to emacs-standard. > ``` ```bash $ cat .inputrc set editing-mode vi set keymap vi # or $ set -o vi ``` #### hybrid mode > \[!TIP|label:references:] > > * [How can I setup a hybrid readline with emacs insert mode and vi command mode?](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/409866/29178) > * [\* vi-mode input](https://www.usenix.org.uk/content/bash.html#input) > * [What are readline's modes, keymaps and their default bindings?](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/303480/29178) ```bash #============================================================================= # FileName : .inputrc # Author : marslo.jiao@gmail.com # Created : 2020-08-25 15:22:56 # LastChange : 2024-01-13 21:08:28 #============================================================================= # [GNU Readline Library](https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rluserman.html) # [PS1](https://github.com/marslo/mylinux/blob/master/confs/home/.marslo/.env#L209) # set the mode string and cursor to indicate the vim mode # - cursor shape: `\1\e[ q\2` ( i.e.: `\1\e[4 q\2` ) # - cursor shape+color: `\1\e[ q\e]12;\a\2` ( i.e.: `\1\e[1 q\e]12;orange\a\2` ) # 0: blinking block # 1: blinking block (default) # 2: steady block # 3: blinking underline # 4: steady underline # 5: blinking bar (xterm) # 6: steady bar (xterm) # string settings cursor shape # +------------------------------++--------+ # color begin color end # +------------+ +---+ set emacs-mode-string "\1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ ᓆ \1\e[0m\2\1\e[3 q\2" # string settings cursor shape # +------------------------------------------++--------+ # color begin color begin color end # +------------+ +------+ +---+ set vi-ins-mode-string "\1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ \1\e[33;1m\2ᓎ \1\e[0m\2\1\e[5 q\2" set vi-cmd-mode-string "\1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ \1\e[34;1m\2ᓏ \1\e[0m\2\1\e[4 q\2" set show-mode-in-prompt on # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted set convert-meta off # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading set input-meta on set completion-ignore-case on set show-all-if-ambiguous on set show-all-if-unmodified on set mark-symlinked-directories on set print-completions-horizontally on # https://github.com/scop/bash-completion set visible-stats on set enable-bracketed-paste off # https://groups.google.com/g/iterm2-discuss/c/K6YazwKUvjQ/m/7eqeT-AvBgAJ # TAB: menu-complete # set colored-completion-prefix on set colored-stats on set skip-completed-text on # ask if more than 100 candidates # set completion-query-items 100 set keymap emacs "\ee": vi-editing-mode # https://www.usenix.org.uk/content/bash.html#input set keymap vi-command "\ee": emacs-editing-mode # key bindings to get out of vi-editing-mode "v" : '' "#": insert-comment "dw": kill-word "dd": kill-whole-line "db": backward-kill-word "D":kill-line "da\"": "lF\"df\"" "di\"": "lF\"lmtf\"d`t" "ci\"": "di\"i" "da'": "lF'df'" "di'": "lF'lmtf'd`t" "ci'": "di'i" "da`": "lF\`df\`" "di`": "lF\`lmtf\`d`t" "ci`": "di`i" "ca`": "da`i" "da(": "lF(df)" "di(": "lF(lmtf)d`t" "ci(": "di(i" "ca(": "da(i" "da)": "lF(df)" "di)": "lF(lmtf)d`t" "ci)": "di(i" "ca)": "da(i" "da{": "lF{df}" "di{": "lF{lmtf}d`t" "ci{": "di{i" "ca{": "da{i" "da}": "lF{df}" "di}": "lF{lmtf}d`t" "ci}": "di}i" "ca}": "da}i" "da[": "lF[df]" "di[": "lF[lmtf]d`t" "ci[": "di[i" "ca[": "da[i" "da]": "lF[df]" "di]": "lF[lmtf]d`t" "ci]": "di]i" "ca]": "da]i" "da<": "lF" "di<": "lFd`t" "ci<": "di": "lF" "di>": "lFd`t" "ci>": "di>i" "ca>": "da>i" "da/": "lF/df/" "di/": "lF/lmtf/d`t" "ci/": "di/i" "ca/": "da/i" "da:": "lF:df:" "di:": "lF:lmtf:d`t" "ci:": "di:i" "ca:": "da:i" "\C-_": undo "\C-a": beginning-of-line "\C-b": backward-char "\C-d": delete-char "\C-e": end-of-line "\C-f": forward-char "\C-g": abort "\C-k": kill-line "\C-l": clear-screen "\C-p": previous-history "\C-n": next-history "\C-w": unix-word-rubout "\C-q": quoted-insert "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file "\e#": insert-comment "\e.": insert-last-argument "\e.": yank-last-arg set keymap vi-insert "\ee": emacs-editing-mode "\C-_": undo "\C-a": beginning-of-line "\C-b": backward-char "\C-d": delete-char "\C-e": end-of-line "\C-f": forward-char "\C-g": abort "\C-k": kill-line "\C-l": clear-screen "\C-p": previous-history "\C-n": next-history "\C-w": unix-word-rubout "\C-q": quoted-insert "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file "\e#": insert-comment "\e.": insert-last-argument "\e.": yank-last-arg ``` #### [show-mode-in-prompt](https://github.com/calid/bash) > \[!NOTE|label:notes:]\ > This is a patched version of bash `4.3.48` that adds support for custom prompt mode indicators.\ > It also adds support for a `\m` prompt escape to specify where in the prompt the indicator should occur.
> > * [\* calid/bash: Bash with Configurable Mode Strings](https://github.com/calid/bash) > * [Different bash prompt for different vi editing mode?](https://stackoverflow.com/q/1039713/2940319) > * [96f66efe6fccbd914d3c92a45405af9a7cf25704](http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git/tree/NEWS?h=96f66efe6fccbd914d3c92a45405af9a7cf25704#n108) > * [`show-mode-in-prompt`](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-show_002dmode_002din_002dprompt) > * [`vi-cmd-mode-string`](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-vi_002dcmd_002dmode_002dstring) > * [`vi-ins-mode-string`](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-vi_002dins_002dmode_002dstring) > * [ArchLinux: Readline](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/readline#Mode_indicator_in_prompt) > * [Spacemacs style colored cursor](https://stackoverflow.com/a/65145878/2940319)
> * [set the mode string and cursor to indicate the vim mode ( for the number after `\e[` )](https://stackoverflow.com/a/60179103/2940319) | NUMBER | CURSOR SHAPE | | :----: | ------------------------ | | `0` | blinking block | | `1` | blinking block (default) | | `2` | steady block | | `3` | blinking underline | | `4` | steady underline | | `5` | blinking bar (xterm) | | `6` | steady bar (xterm) | ![bash show-mode-in-prompt](https://4276369325-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FpuTw6o3ALq0J3Uf7ELc7%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-9ec770e413c191dca87baead33a8eff8e1f133e8%2Fbash-bind-show-mode-in-prompt.png?alt=media) ![bash show-mode-in-prompt](https://4276369325-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FpuTw6o3ALq0J3Uf7ELc7%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-a66900f430e0f164f5a6ce97690c38e453dfc2f7%2Fbash-bind-show-mode-in-prompt.gif?alt=media) * [change cursor shape](https://stackoverflow.com/a/65145878/2940319) > \[!NOTE|label:references:] > > * [Xterm Control Sequences](https://www.xfree86.org/current/ctlseqs.html) ```bash set emacs-mode-string \1\e[4 q\e]12;red\a\2 set vi-ins-mode-string \1\e[5 q\e]12;green\a\2 set vi-cmd-mode-string \1\e[4 q\e]12;orange\a\2 # or set emacs-mode-string "\1\e[3 q\2" set vi-ins-mode-string "\1\e[5 q\2" set vi-cmd-mode-string "\1\e[4 q\2" ``` ![bash show-mode-in-prompte change cursor shape](https://4276369325-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FpuTw6o3ALq0J3Uf7ELc7%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f2853fcd500fb07a5eca198083205a7369326dc9%2Fbash-bind-mode-string-cursor-shape.gif?alt=media) **PS1** > \[!NOTE|label:see also:] > > * [prompts](https://github.com/marslo/ibook/blob/marslo/docs/linux/basic.html#prompts) ```bash PS1='\n\[\033[1m\]\[\033[38;5;240m\]╭╶ (\u@\h\[\033[1m\] ' PS1+='\[\033[0;31m\]\w\[\033[1m\]\[\033[38;5;240m\]) ' PS1+='$(__git_ps1 "- (\[\033[32;2m\]%s\[\033[0m\]\[\033[38;5;240m\]) ")\[\033[1m\]' PS1+='\[\033[38;5;240m\]`if [ $? = 0 ]; then echo \[\033[38\;5\;240m\]\-\>; else echo \[\033[0\;31m\]\-\>; fi`\[\033[1m\]' PS1+='\n\[\033[38;5;240m\] $ \[\033[1m\]\[\033[0m\]' export PS1 ``` **inputrc** ```bash set show-mode-in-prompt on # string settings cursor shape # +------------------------------++--------+ # color begin color end # +------------+ +---+ set emacs-mode-string "\1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ ᓆ \1\e[0m\2\1\e[3 q\2" # string settings cursor shape # +------------------------------------------++--------+ # color begin color begin color end # +------------+ +------+ +---+ set vi-ins-mode-string "\1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ \1\e[33;1m\2ᓎ \1\e[0m\2\1\e[5 q\2" set vi-cmd-mode-string "\1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ \1\e[34;1m\2ᓏ \1\e[0m\2\1\e[4 q\2" set keymap emacs "\ee": vi-editing-mode set keymap vi-command "\ee": emacs-editing-mode set keymap vi-insert "\ee": vi-movement-mode ``` ![bind -v for mode-string](https://4276369325-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FpuTw6o3ALq0J3Uf7ELc7%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-e8999782f714debc3da222ffe000aeac5b3b675f%2Fbash-bind-mode-string.png?alt=media) * [example](https://stackoverflow.com/a/55978495/2940319) ```bash $ export PS1=" ┌錄 \[\e[32m\]\u\[\e[m\]\[\e[32m\]@\[\e[m\]\[\e[32m\]\h\[\e[m\] \w \\$ \n " $ bind 'set show-mode-in-prompt on' $ bind 'set vi-ins-mode-string " └──錄 (ins):"' $ bind 'set vi-cmd-mode-string " └──錄 (cmd):"' ``` * [example](https://stackoverflow.com/a/60179103/2940319) ```bash #################### VIM #################### # FOR MORE INFORMATION CHECK: # https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Readline # TURN ON VIM (E.G. FOR READLINE) set editing-mode vi # SHOW THE VIM MODE IN THE PROMPT (COMMAND OR INSERT) set show-mode-in-prompt on # SET THE MODE STRING AND CURSOR TO INDICATE THE VIM MODE # FOR THE NUMBER AFTER `\e[`: # 0: blinking block # 1: blinking block (default) # 2: steady block # 3: blinking underline # 4: steady underline # 5: blinking bar (xterm) # 6: steady bar (xterm) set vi-ins-mode-string (ins)\1\e[5 q\2 set vi-cmd-mode-string (cmd)\1\e[1 q\2 ``` * [example](https://stackoverflow.com/a/65145878/2940319) ```bash $ cat ~/.inputrc set editing-mode vi set vi-ins-mode-string \1\e[5 q\e]12;green\a\2 set vi-cmd-mode-string \1\e[1 q\e]12;orange\a\2 set show-mode-in-prompt on ``` * [example](https://github.com/camspiers/dotfiles/blob/master/files/.inputrc) ```bash # Set the default readline mode as vi set editing-mode vi # Show the vi mode indicators set show-mode-in-prompt on # The following is a little hard to understand # a full example omiting the wrapping \1 and \2 # # \e[ (open sequence: ESC CSI) # 48;5; (specifies 256 bg) # 2 (bg color) # m (end) # 1; (bold) # 38;5; (specifies 256 fg) # 0 (fg color) # m (end) # COMMAND (some text to display) # \e[ (open sequence) # 0 (reset) # m (end) # \e[ (open sequence) # 0 (cursor type) # q (end) # Configures the cmd mode display set vi-cmd-mode-string "\1\e[48;5;2m\2\1\e[1;38;5;0m\2 N \1\e[0m\2 \1\e[0 q\2" # Configures the ins mode display set vi-ins-mode-string "\1\e[48;5;4m\2\1\e[1;38;5;0m\2 I \1\e[0m\2 \1\e[6 q\2" ``` #### show options ```bash # display readline variable names and values can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file $ bind -v # list current readline variable names and values $ bind -v set bind-tty-special-chars on set blink-matching-paren off set byte-oriented off set colored-completion-prefix off set colored-stats on set completion-ignore-case on set completion-map-case off set convert-meta off set disable-completion off set echo-control-characters on set enable-active-region off set enable-bracketed-paste off set enable-keypad off set enable-meta-key on set expand-tilde off set history-preserve-point off set horizontal-scroll-mode off set input-meta on set mark-directories on set mark-modified-lines off set mark-symlinked-directories on set match-hidden-files on set menu-complete-display-prefix off set meta-flag on set output-meta on set page-completions on set prefer-visible-bell on set print-completions-horizontally on set revert-all-at-newline off set show-all-if-ambiguous on set show-all-if-unmodified on set show-mode-in-prompt on set skip-completed-text on set visible-stats on set bell-style audible set comment-begin # set completion-display-width -1 set completion-prefix-display-length 0 set completion-query-items 100 set editing-mode emacs set emacs-mode-string ╰╶ ᓆ set history-size 5000 set keymap emacs set keyseq-timeout 500 set vi-cmd-mode-string ╰╶ ᓏ set vi-ins-mode-string ╰╶ ᓎ ``` **options** * `active-region-start-color` * `active-region-end-color` * `bell-style` * `bind-tty-special-chars` * `blink-matching-paren` * `colored-completion-prefix` * `colored-stats` * `comment-begin` * `completion-display-width` * `completion-ignore-case` * `completion-map-case` * `completion-prefix-display-length` * `completion-query-items` * `convert-meta` * `disable-completion` * `echo-control-characters` * `editing-mode` * `emacs-mode-string` * `enable-active-region` * `enable-bracketed-paste` * `enable-keypad` * `enable-meta-key` * `expand-tilde` * `history-preserve-point` * `history-size` * `horizontal-scroll-mode` * `input-meta` * `isearch-terminators` * `keymap` * `keyseq-timeout` * `mark-directories` * `mark-modified-lines` * `mark-symlinked-directories` * `match-hidden-files` * `menu-complete-display-prefix` * `output-meta` * `page-completions` * `print-completions-horizontally` * `revert-all-at-newline` * `show-all-if-ambiguous` * `show-all-if-unmodified` * `show-mode-in-prompt` * `skip-completed-text` * `vi-cmd-mode-string` * `vi-ins-mode-string` * `visible-stats` #### key bindings ```bash # display readline function names and bindings can be used as input or in a readline initialization file $ bind -p # list current readline function names and bindings $ bind -P ## query $ bind -p ... "\e&": tilde-expand # vi-tilde-expand (not bound) .... $ bind -q tilde-expand tilde-expand can be invoked via "\e&". ``` ![example : option+&](https://4276369325-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FpuTw6o3ALq0J3Uf7ELc7%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-928a557a6ab4c76b7d6b6a477eaeacd3e94f988a%2Fbash-bind-sample-1.gif?alt=media) #### list all names ```bash $ bind -l ``` #### `inputrc` ```bash # https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-show_002dmode_002din_002dprompt set show-mode-in-prompt on # SET THE MODE STRING AND CURSOR TO INDICATE THE VIM MODE # FOR THE NUMBER AFTER `\e[`: # 0: blinking block # 1: blinking block (default) # 2: steady block # 3: blinking underline # 4: steady underline # 5: blinking bar (xterm) # 6: steady bar (xterm) set emacs-mode-string ╰╶ ᓆ set vi-ins-mode-string ╰╶ ᓎ set vi-cmd-mode-string ╰╶ ᓏ set emacs-mode-string \1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ ᓆ \1\e[0m\2 set vi-ins-mode-string \1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ \1\e[33;1m\2ᓎ \1\e[0m\2 set vi-cmd-mode-string \1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ \1\e[34;1m\2ᓏ \1\e[0m\2 # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted set convert-meta off # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading set input-meta on set completion-ignore-case on set show-all-if-ambiguous on set show-all-if-unmodified on set mark-symlinked-directories on set print-completions-horizontally on # https://github.com/scop/bash-completion set visible-stats on # https://groups.google.com/g/iterm2-discuss/c/K6YazwKUvjQ/m/7eqeT-AvBgAJ set enable-bracketed-paste off # TAB: menu-complete # set colored-completion-prefix on set colored-stats on set skip-completed-text on # ask if more than 100 candidates # set completion-query-items 100 set keymap emacs "\ee": vi-editing-mode set keymap vi-command "\ee": emacs-editing-mode "dw": kill-word "dd": kill-whole-line "db": backward-kill-word "D":kill-line "v" : '' "\C-_": undo "\C-a": beginning-of-line "\C-b": backward-char "\C-d": delete-char "\C-e": end-of-line "\C-f": forward-char "\C-g": abort "\C-k": kill-line "\C-l": clear-screen "\C-p": previous-history "\C-n": next-history "\C-w": unix-word-rubout "\C-q": quoted-insert "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file "\e#": insert-comment "\e.": insert-last-argument "\e.": yank-last-arg # key bindings to get out of vi-editing-mode set keymap vi-insert "\ee": emacs-editing-mode "\C-_": undo "\C-a": beginning-of-line "\C-b": backward-char "\C-d": delete-char "\C-e": end-of-line "\C-f": forward-char "\C-g": abort "\C-k": kill-line "\C-l": clear-screen "\C-p": previous-history "\C-n": next-history "\C-w": unix-word-rubout "\C-q": quoted-insert "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file "\e#": insert-comment "\e.": insert-last-argument "\e.": yank-last-arg ``` ```bash # https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-show_002dmode_002din_002dprompt set show-mode-in-prompt on # SET THE MODE STRING AND CURSOR TO INDICATE THE VIM MODE # FOR THE NUMBER AFTER `\e[`: # 0: blinking block # 1: blinking block (default) # 2: steady block # 3: blinking underline # 4: steady underline # 5: blinking bar (xterm) # 6: steady bar (xterm) set emacs-mode-string ╰╶ ᓆ set vi-ins-mode-string ╰╶ ᓎ set vi-cmd-mode-string ╰╶ ᓏ set emacs-mode-string \1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ ᓆ \1\e[0m\2 set vi-ins-mode-string \1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ \1\e[33;1m\2ᓎ \1\e[0m\2 set vi-cmd-mode-string \1\e[38;5;240;1m\2╰╶ \1\e[34;1m\2ᓏ \1\e[0m\2 #################### # \e : Meta # # \C : Control # #################### # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted set convert-meta off # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading set input-meta on set completion-ignore-case on set show-all-if-ambiguous on set show-all-if-unmodified on set mark-symlinked-directories on set print-completions-horizontally on # https://github.com/scop/bash-completion set visible-stats on # https://groups.google.com/g/iterm2-discuss/c/K6YazwKUvjQ/m/7eqeT-AvBgAJ set enable-bracketed-paste off # TAB: menu-complete # set colored-completion-prefix on set colored-stats on set skip-completed-text on # ask if more than 100 candidates # set completion-query-items 100 set keymap emacs "\ee": vi-editing-mode set keymap vi-command "\ee": emacs-editing-mode # key bindings to get out of vi-editing-mode set keymap vi-insert "\ee": vi-movement-mode ##### emacs ##### $if mode=emacs "\ee": vi-editing-mode # `Esc-e`:vi-insert. https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/409866/29178 # "\e\e": vi-movement-mode "\e~": complete-username "\e_": yank-last-arg "\e?": possible-completions Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word $endif ##### vi ##### $if mode=vi "\ee": emacs-editing-mode $endif ##### command mode ##### $if mode=vi-command "\ee": emacs-editing-mode v: "" Control-a: beginning-of-line Control-b: backward-char Control-d: delete-char Control-e: end-of-line Control-f: forward-char Control-k: kill-line Control-n: next-history Control-p: previous-history $endif ##### insert mode ##### $if mode=vi-insert "\ee": emacs-editing-mode "\C-k": kill-line "\C-u": unix-line-discard "\C-p": previous-history "\C-n": next-history "\C-a": beginning-of-line "\C-e": end-of-line "\C-f": forward-char "\C-b": backward-char "\C-l": clear-screen "\C-d": delete-char "\C-h": backward-delete-char "\C-w": unix-word-rubout "\et": transpose-words "\ef": forward-word "\eb": backward-word "\ed": kill-word "\e.":yank-last-arg "\e_": yank-last-arg "\C-_": undo $endif $if Bash # edit the path "\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f" # Quote the current or previous word "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" $endif ``` ```bash $ cat ~/.inputrc set convert-meta off # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted set input-meta on # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading set completion-ignore-case on set show-all-if-ambiguous on set show-all-if-unmodified on set mark-symlinked-directories on set print-completions-horizontally on set enable-bracketed-paste off # https://groups.google.com/g/iterm2-discuss/c/K6YazwKUvjQ/m/7eqeT-AvBgAJ # set show-mode-in-prompt on # TAB: menu-complete # set colored-completion-prefix on # set colored-stats on set skip-completed-text on # set completion-query-items 100 # ask if more than 100 candidates # https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/409866/29178 set keymap emacs $if mode=emacs "\ee": vi-editing-mode $endif set keymap vi-insert $if mode=vi-insert "\e": vi-movement-mode # "jk": vi-movement-mode # "kj": vi-movement-mode $endif # set editing-mode vi # command mode set keymap vi-command $if mode=vi-command "\ee": emacs-editing-mode v: "" Control-a: beginning-of-line Control-b: backward-char Control-d: delete-char Control-e: end-of-line Control-f: forward-char Control-k: kill-line Control-n: next-history Control-p: previous-history $endif # insert mode set keymap vi-insert $if mode=vi-insert "\C-k": kill-line "\C-u": unix-line-discard "\C-p": previous-history "\C-n": next-history "\C-a": beginning-of-line "\C-e": end-of-line "\C-f": forward-char "\C-b": backward-char "\C-l": clear-screen "\C-d": delete-char "\C-h": backward-delete-char "\C-w": unix-word-rubout "\et": transpose-words "\ef": forward-word "\eb": backward-word "\ed": kill-word "\e.":yank-last-arg "\e_": yank-last-arg "\C-_": undo $endif ``` ```bash $ cat /etc/inputrc # do not bell on tab-completion #set bell-style none set meta-flag on set input-meta on set convert-meta off set output-meta on # Completed names which are symbolic links to # directories have a slash appended. set mark-symlinked-directories on $if mode=emacs # for linux console and RH/Debian xterm "\e[1~": beginning-of-line "\e[4~": end-of-line # commented out keymappings for pgup/pgdown to reach begin/end of history #"\e[5~": beginning-of-history #"\e[6~": end-of-history "\e[5~": history-search-backward "\e[6~": history-search-forward "\e[3~": delete-char "\e[2~": quoted-insert "\e[5C": forward-word "\e[5D": backward-word "\e[1;5C": forward-word "\e[1;5D": backward-word # for rxvt "\e[8~": end-of-line "\eOc": forward-word "\eOd": backward-word # for non RH/Debian xterm, can't hurt for RH/DEbian xterm "\eOH": beginning-of-line "\eOF": end-of-line # for freebsd console "\e[H": beginning-of-line "\e[F": end-of-line $endif ``` #### unbind > \[!NOTE] > > * [How can I unbind and remap C-w in Bash?](https://stackoverflow.com/a/10980808/2940319) ```bash # .bashrc stty werase undef # .inputrc bind '"\C-w":kill-region' ``` #### tips * [How to move the cursor word by word in the OS X Terminal](https://stackoverflow.com/a/81309/2940319) ```bash $ bind -q backward-word backward-word can be invoked via "\M-b". $ bind -q forward-word forward-word can be invoked via "\M-f". ``` * [`re-read-init-file`](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Miscellaneous-Commands.html) ```bash $ bind -q re-read-init-file re-read-init-file can be invoked via "\C-x\C-r". # or https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/246422/29178 $ bind -f ~/.inputrc ``` * `glob-list-expansions` ```bash $ bind -q glob-list-expansions glob-list-expansions can be invoked via "\C-xg" ``` * [`insert-comment`](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Miscellaneous-Commands.html) ```bash $ bind -q insert-comment insert-comment can be invoked via "\e#". ``` * [`insert-last-argument`](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Miscellaneous-Commands.html) ```bash $ bind -q insert-last-argument insert-last-argument can be invoked via "\e.", "\e_". ``` * `upcase-word` && `downcase-word` && `capitalize-word` ```bash $ bind -q upcase-word upcase-word can be invoked via "\eu". $ bind -q downcase-word downcase-word can be invoked via "\el" $ bind -q capitalize-word capitalize-word can be invoked via "\ec". ``` * [block cursor](https://stackoverflow.com/a/42107711/2940319) ```bash set editing-mode vi set show-mode-in-prompt on set vi-ins-mode-string \1\e[6 q\2 set vi-cmd-mode-string \1\e[2 q\2 # optionally: # switch to block cursor before executing a command set keymap vi-insert RETURN: "\e\n" ``` * [`undo`](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Miscellaneous-Commands.html) ```bash $ bind -q undo undo can be invoked via "\C-x\C-u", "\C-_". ``` * [`hell-expand-line`](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/675859/29178) ```bash $ bind -q shell-expand-line shell-expand-line can be invoked via "\M-\C-e". ``` * [display-shell-version](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Miscellaneous-Commands.html#Miscellaneous-Commands) ```bash $ bind -q display-shell-version display-shell-version can be invoked via "\C-x\C-v". ``` ### test > \[!NOTE|label:references:] > > * [The classic test command](https://web.archive.org/web/20230401094700/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/commands/classictest#the_classic_test_command) | OPERATOR SYNTAX | DESCRIPTION | | --------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `-a ` | True if exists. (\* not recommended, may collide with `-a` for `AND`) | | `-e ` | True if exists. | | `-f ` | True, if exists and is a regular file. | | `-d ` | True, if exists and is a directory. | | `-c ` | True, if exists and is a character special file. | | `-b ` | True, if exists and is a block special file. | | `-p ` | True, if exists and is a named pipe (FIFO). | | `-S ` | True, if exists and is a socket file. | | `-L ` | True, if exists and is a symbolic link. | | `-h ` | True, if exists and is a symbolic link. | | `-g ` | True, if exists and has sgid bit set. | | `-u ` | True, if exists and has suid bit set. | | `-r ` | True, if exists and is readable. | | `-w ` | True, if exists and is writable. | | `-x ` | True, if exists and is executable. | | `-s ` | True, if exists and has size bigger than 0 (not empty). | | `-t ` | True, if file descriptor is open and refers to a terminal. | | ` -nt ` | True, if is newer than (mtime). | | ` -ot ` | True, if is older than (mtime). | | ` -ef ` | True, if and refer to the same device and inode numbers. |