apt/yum/snap

• rpm & dpkg & brew

• apt

  • apt.conf

  • necessary packages and dependencies

  • disable

    • package auto-upgrade disable

    • disable server auto upgrade

    • revert hold settings

    • show all hold

  • complete remove an app

  • keyring

    • apt-key

    • curl

  • gpg keys

    • gpg

    • Ghostbird/add-repository

    • openmediavault-keyring

    • others

  • apt-cache

    • get package name by command

    • search package name for apt-get

  • tips

    • save all debian packages

  • troubleshooting

• yum/dnf

  • repo

    • download package

    • check configure

    • check variable

    • enable or disable repo

    • cache

    • cleanup no-required packages

  • yum group

  • tools installation

    • resolve conflict

    • File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 28

    • centos eol

  • CentOS 8 -> CentOS 9

• snap

rpm & dpkg & brew

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• ubuntu: Package management
• for apt-file, execute sudo apt-file update first before start search

• show dependents of formula

  $ brew uses --recursive --installed <name>

RPM	DPKG	BREW
rpm -qa	dpkg -l	brew list
rpm -ql sofrwareanme	dpkg -L name dpkg --listfiles name dpkg-qurery -L name apt-file list name	brew list name brew ls --verbose name
rpm -qf /path/to/file yum whatprovides /path/to/file	dpkg -S /path/to/file apt-file search /path/to/file	brew which-formula name
rpm -qip pkgfile.rpm rpm -qlp pkgfile.rpm	dpkg -l pkgfile.deb dpkg -c pkgfile.deb
rpm -q name rpm -qi name	dpkg -l name dpkg -s name dpkg -p name	brew info name
rpm -e name	dpkg -r name dpkg -P name	brew uninstall name
dnf search --showduplicates <name>	apt-cache madison <name>	-

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• Google Linux Software Repositories
• How To Build a Debian Packages
• Official Archive Mirrors for Ubuntu

apt

[!TIP|label:download deb only]

• Is there an apt command to download a deb file from the repositories to the current directory?

  # get package name
  $ sudo apt list --installed | grep <keywords>
  $ apt-get install --reinstall --print-uris -qq <package-name> | cut -d"'" -f2

apt.conf

$ cat /etc/apt/apt.conf
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://161.91.27.236:8080";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://161.91.27.236:8080";
Acquire::ftp::Proxy "http://161.91.27.236:8080";

$ cat /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99ignoresave
Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently:: "(.save|.distupgrade)$";
Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently:: "\.gz$";
Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently:: "\.save$";
Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently:: "\.distUpgrade$";
Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently:: "\.list_$";

necessary packages and dependencies

$ sudo apt --list upgradable
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt install sysv-rc-conf tree dos2unix iptables-persistent mailutils policycoreutils build-essential landscape-common gcc g++ make cmake

disable

package auto-upgrade disable

$ sudo sed -i 's/Prompt=.*/Prompt=never/' /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
$ sudo sed -i 's/"1"/"0"/' /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic
$ sudo sed -i 's/"1"/"0"/' /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades

disable server auto upgrade

# dpkg --list | grep jenkins
ii  jenkins                            2.19.4                             all          Jenkins monitors executions of repeated jobs, such as building a software
# echo "jenkins hold" | dpkg --set-selections
OR
# apt-mark hold jenkins
# dpkg --list | grep jenkins
hi  jenkins                            2.19.4                             all          Jenkins monitors executions of repeated jobs, such as building a software

revert hold settings

$ sudo echo "jenkins install" | dpkg --set-selections
# OR
$ sudo apt-mark unhold jenkins

show all hold

$ sudo apt-mark showhold

complete remove an app

$ sudo systemctl stop mysql
$ sudo apt-get --purge autoremove mysql*
$ sudo apt-get autoclean
$ sudo apt --purge autoremove mysql*
$ sudo apt autoclean
$ sudo apt list --installed | grep mysql
$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/debian-*.flag
$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
$ sudo rm -rf /etc/mysql

keyring

[!NOTE]

• * iMarslo : gpg
• step by step by apt-key add
• Hockeypuck OpenPGP keyserver
• for

  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 112696A0E562B32A NO_PUBKEY 54404762BBB6E853

apt-key

$ apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 54404762BBB6E853
# or
$ apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 54404762BBB6E853

curl

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• #3286: Ubuntu 18.04 gpg dirmngr IPC connect call failed

#                                                                0x<PUBKEY>
#                                                                v
$ curl -sL "http://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x112696A0E562B32A" | sudo apt-key add
$ curl -sL "http://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x54404762BBB6E853" | sudo apt-key add

• or manually download

  $ cat armored-keys.asc | sudo apt-key add

  

  manual download keyring

gpg keys

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• Omv and Apt broken: Pending configuration changes

  • $ sudo dpkg -l | grep openmediavault

  • $ sudo ls -alh /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/

• apt-get update errors missing public keys
• The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available

gpg

$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF

• more options

  $ gpg --ignore-time-conflict \
        --no-options \
        --no-default-keyring \
        --homedir /tmp/tmp.Hrb5ETPac2 \
        --no-auto-check-trustdb \
        --trust-model always \
        --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg \
        --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg \
        --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com \
        --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF

• or install keyring via apt-key

  $ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 112695A0E562B32A

Ghostbird/add-repository

$ ./add-repository "https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?search=0x3fa7e0328081bff6a14da29aa6a19b38d3d831ef&op=get" "deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian stable-buster main" mono-official-stable.list

openmediavault-keyring

$ cd /tmp
$ sudo wget https://packages.openmediavault.org/public/pool/main/o/openmediavault-keyring/openmediavault-keyring_1.0.2-2_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i openmediavault-keyring
$ sudo apt-get update

others

# dockerfile
RUN apt install -y gnupg ca-certificates
RUN gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
RUN gpg --export 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF | tee /usr/share/keyrings/mono.gpg >/dev/null
RUN gpg --batch --yes --delete-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
RUN echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mono.gpg] https://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian stable-buster main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
RUN apt update
RUN apt install -y mono-devel

apt-cache

get package name by command

$ apt-cache search mkpasswd
whois - intelligent WHOIS client
libstring-mkpasswd-perl - Perl module implementing a random password generator

search package name for apt-get

$ sudo apt-cache search chrome browser
chromium-browser - Chromium browser
chromium-chromedriver - WebDriver driver for the Chromium Browser
cloudprint - Server for Google Cloud Print
collabtive - Web-based project management software
epiphany-browser - Intuitive GNOME web browser
jsxgraph - Interactive Geometry with JavaScript
kpartsplugin - Netscape-compatible plugin to embed KDE file-viewers into browser
libjs-excanvas - HTML5 Canvas for Internet Explorer
libjs-jquery-jplayer - HTML5 Audio & Video for jQuery with a Flash fallback
libjs-jquery-jush - jQuery Syntax Highlighter
google-chrome-beta - The web browser from Google
google-chrome-stable - The web browser from Google
google-chrome-unstable - The web browser from Google

tips

save all debian packages

$ for a in $(sudo dpkg --get-selections|cut -f1); do dpkg-repack $a|awk '{if (system("sleep .5 && exit 2") != 2) exit; print}';done

troubleshooting

• 修复 apt-key deprecated 警告
• The following packages have unmet dependencies!

  • error

    $ sudo apt upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree... Done
    Reading state information... Done
    You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
    The following packages have unmet dependencies:
     vim : Depends: vim-common (= 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.15) but 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.13 is installed
           Depends: vim-runtime (= 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.15) but 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.13 is installed
     vim-tiny : Depends: vim-common (= 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.15) but 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.13 is installed
    E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

  • solution

    $ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info/vim-tiny.*
    $ sudo apt --fix-broken install

yum/dnf

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• Yum install error file "/usr/bin/yum", line 30
• failed at yum update and how to fix it
• Upgraded Python, and now I can't run “yum upgrade”
• How to Find Out Top Directories and Files (Disk Space) in Linux
• 8.4. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories

  • 8.4.2. Setting [repository] Options
• repo vars

  $ cd /etc/dnf/vars; grep -H --color=none . *
  contentdir:centos
  infra:stock
  # or
  $ tail -f /var/log/dnf.log

• moving from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream 8

  $ sudo sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
  $ sudo sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g'  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
  $ sudo dnf install centos-release-stream -y --allowerasing
  $ sudo dnf swap centos-{linux,stream}-repos
  $ sudo dnf distro-sync --best --allowerasing
  $ sudo reboot

• DNF Command Reference

repo

[!NOTE]

• CentOS Repositories
• CentOS Stream Mirror
• 8.4. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories
• createrepo 建立本地源
• sync repo 同步Yum源
• variables in repo files

  # centos 8
  $ /usr/libexec/platform-python -c 'import dnf, json; db = dnf.dnf.Base(); print(json.dumps(db.conf.substitutions, indent=2))'
  {
    "arch": "x86_64",
    "basearch": "x86_64",
    "releasever": "8"
  }
  
  # centos 7
  $ python -c 'import yum, json; yb = yum.YumBase(); print json.dumps(yb.conf.yumvar, indent=2)'
  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
  {
    "uuid": "512cdde3-4de7-47af-a2fd-6b4e6d711b12",
    "contentdir": "centos",
    "basearch": "x86_64",
    "infra": "stock",
    "releasever": "7",
    "arch": "ia32e"
  }
  
  # or
  $ dnf config-manager --dump-variables
  arch = x86_64
  basearch = x86_64
  stream = 9-stream
  releasever = 8

$ sudo dnf install -y https://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/aarch64/os/Packages/centos-gpg-keys-9.0-23.el9.noarch.rpm \
                      https://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-repos-9.0-23.el9.noarch.rpm

• i.e.:

  $ sudo cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/centos.repo
  [baseos]
  name=CentOS Stream $releasever - BaseOS
  metalink=https://mirrors.centos.org/metalink?repo=centos-baseos-$stream&arch=$basearch&protocol=https,http
  gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
  gpgcheck=1
  repo_gpgcheck=0
  metadata_expire=6h
  countme=1
  enabled=1
  EOF
  
  $ dnf --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=baseos reinstall centos-stream-repos

download package

[!NOTE]

• yum 源
• yum 下载全量依赖 rpm 包及离线安装（终极解决方案）
• yumdownloader vs repotrack
• tips

  # check dependencies
  $ yum deplist <PACKAGE>
  
  # i.e.:
  $ yum deplist chrony
  package: chrony-3.5-1.el8.x86_64
    dependency: /bin/bash
     provider: bash-4.4.19-10.el8.x86_64
    dependency: /bin/sh
     provider: bash-4.4.19-10.el8.x86_64
    dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.4)(64bit)
     provider: glibc-2.28-72.el8_1.1.x86_64
    dependency: libcap.so.2()(64bit)
     provider: libcap-2.26-1.el8.x86_64
    dependency: libedit.so.0()(64bit)
     provider: libedit-3.1-23.20170329cvs.el8.x86_64
    dependency: libm.so.6()(64bit)
     provider: glibc-2.28-72.el8_1.1.x86_64
    dependency: libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
     provider: glibc-2.28-72.el8_1.1.x86_64
    dependency: libnettle.so.6()(64bit)
     provider: nettle-3.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
    dependency: libnettle.so.6(NETTLE_6)(64bit)
     provider: nettle-3.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
    dependency: libpthread.so.0()(64bit)
     provider: glibc-2.28-72.el8_1.1.x86_64
    dependency: libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
     provider: glibc-2.28-72.el8_1.1.x86_64
    dependency: libseccomp.so.2()(64bit)
     provider: libseccomp-2.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
    dependency: rtld(GNU_HASH)
     provider: glibc-2.28-72.el8_1.1.i686
     provider: glibc-2.28-72.el8_1.1.x86_64
    dependency: shadow-utils
     provider: shadow-utils-2:4.6-8.el8.x86_64
    dependency: systemd
     provider: systemd-239-18.el8_1.5.i686
     provider: systemd-239-18.el8_1.5.x86_64

• yumdownloader

  $ sudo yum -y install yum-utils
  $ yumdownloader <PACKAGE_NAME> --destdir ./                        # 下载xxx最新的包，放在当前目录下，不会下载依赖

• repotrack

  $ sudo yum -y install yum-utils
   $ repotrack <PACKAGE_NAME>

• yum-download

  $ sudo yum -y install yum-download
  $ yum -y install <PACKAGE_NAME> --downloadonly --downloaddir ./    # 下载xxx最新的包，放在当前目录下，会下载依赖

• install rpms

  $ sudo rpm -Uvh --force --nodeps *.rpm

check configure

$ dnf config-manager --dump

check variable

[!NOTE]

• man yum.conf
• Yum: How can I view variables like $releasever, $basearch & $YUM0?

$ dnf config-manager --dump-variables
arch = x86_64
basearch = x86_64
contentdir = centos
infra = stock
stream = 8-stream
releasever = 8

# or
$ /usr/libexec/platform-python -c 'import dnf, json; db = dnf.dnf.Base(); print(json.dumps(db.conf.substitutions, indent=2))'
{
  "arch": "x86_64",
  "basearch": "x86_64",
  "releasever": "8"
}

# or
$ cat /etc/yum/vars/*
       File: /etc/yum/vars/contentdir
   1   centos
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       File: /etc/yum/vars/infra
   1   stock
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       File: /etc/yum/vars/stream
   1   8-stream

install via different releasever

$ dnf -y --releasever=9 --allowerasing --setopt=deltarpm=false swap python39-setuptools python3-setuptools

enable or disable repo

# enable
$ sudo yum config-manager --set-enabled PowerTools

# disable
$ sudo yum config-manager --set-disabled PowerTools

cache

# clean
$ sudo dnf clean all [ --refresh ]

# makecache
$ sudo dnf makecache

cleanup no-required packages

$ sudo package-cleanup --leaves
$ sudo package-cleanup --orphans

yum group

references:

• 2.5 Yum Groups
• How to install a group of packages with yum on Red Hat Enterprise Linux?

$ yum grouplist
$ yum group hidden
$ yum groupinfo <groupName>
$ yum groupinstall <groupName>
$ yum groupupdate <groupName>
$ yum groupremove <groupName>

tools installation

[!TIP|label:convert CentOS repo file in RHEL]

$ sudo sed -i 's/\$contentdir/centos/' /etc/yum.repo.d/*.repo

• CentOS through a VM - no URLs in mirrorlist [closed]

  $ sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-*
  $ sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-*
  $
  $ sudo dnf install centos-release-stream -y
  $ sudo dnf swap centos-{linux,stream}-repos -y
  $ sudo dnf distro-sync -y

• epel

  [!TIP|label:references:]

  • How To enable the EPEL Repository on RHEL 8 / CentOS 8 Linux
  • * Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL)
  • 404 error trying to install EPEL
  • Index of /epel/8/Everything

  # install from url
  # centos 7
  $ sudo dnf [re]install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
  # centos 8
  $ sudo dnf [re]install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
  # centos 9
  $ sudo dnf [re]install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm
  
  # install via cmd
  $ sudo yum [re]install -y epel-release yum-utils
  # or
  $ sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools
  $ sudo dnf install -y epel-release epel-next-release

  • info

    $ cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
    [epel]
    name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - $basearch
    # It is much more secure to use the metalink, but if you wish to use a local mirror
    # place its address here.
    #baseurl=https://download.example/pub/epel/8/Everything/$basearch
    metalink=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-8&arch=$basearch&infra=$infra&content=centos
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    countme=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8
    
    $ dnf repoinfo epel
    Repo-id            : epel
    Repo-name          : Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
    Repo-status        : enabled
    Repo-revision      : 1697078836
    Repo-updated       : Wed 11 Oct 2023 07:48:01 PM PDT
    Repo-pkgs          : 9,872
    Repo-available-pkgs: 9,870
    Repo-size          : 17 G
    Repo-metalink      : https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-8&arch=x86_64&infra=$infra&content=centos
      Updated          : Thu 12 Oct 2023 05:16:56 PM PDT
    Repo-baseurl       : https://mirrors.iu13.net/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/ (153 more)
    Repo-expire        : 172,800 second(s) (last: Thu 12 Oct 2023 05:16:56 PM PDT)
    Repo-filename      : /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
    Total packages: 9,872
    
    $ dnf repoinfo epel-next
    Last metadata expiration check: 0:10:35 ago on Wed 13 Dec 2023 03:48:24 PM PST.
    Repo-id            : epel-next
    Repo-name          : Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - Next - x86_64
    Repo-status        : enabled
    Repo-revision      : 1693098199
    Repo-updated       : Sat 26 Aug 2023 06:03:39 PM PDT
    Repo-pkgs          : 40
    Repo-available-pkgs: 40
    Repo-size          : 87 M
    Repo-metalink      : https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-next-8&arch=x86_64&infra=$infra&content=$contentdir
      Updated          : Wed 13 Dec 2023 03:48:22 PM PST
    Repo-baseurl       : http://mirrors.wcupa.edu/epel/next/8/Everything/x86_64/ (126 more)
    Repo-expire        : 172,800 second(s) (last: Wed 13 Dec 2023 03:48:22 PM PST)
    Repo-filename      : /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-next.repo
    Total packages: 40
    
    $ dnf repoinfo epel-modular
    Last metadata expiration check: 0:11:06 ago on Wed 13 Dec 2023 03:48:24 PM PST.
    Repo-id            : epel-modular
    Repo-name          : Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64 - RETIRED
    Repo-status        : enabled
    Repo-revision      : 1663033591
    Repo-updated       : Mon 12 Sep 2022 06:46:46 PM PDT
    Repo-pkgs          : 290
    Repo-available-pkgs: 0
    Repo-size          : 835 M
    Repo-metalink      : https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-modular-8&arch=x86_64&infra=$infra&content=centos
      Updated          : Wed 13 Dec 2023 03:48:21 PM PST
    Repo-baseurl       : http://opencolo.mm.fcix.net/epel/8/Modular/x86_64/ (189 more)
    Repo-expire        : 172,800 second(s) (last: Wed 13 Dec 2023 03:48:21 PM PST)
    Repo-filename      : /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-modular.repo
    Total packages: 290

  • We can workaround this by replacing the $releasever variable with 8

    $ sudo sed -i 's/$releasever/8/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*.repo
    
    # Same problem, RHEL 8.2 on Azure.
    $ sed -i.bak 's/\$releasever/8/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*.repo

  • list only epel supported

    $ dnf --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" list available

• moreutils

  [!NOTE|label:references:]

  • 1820925 - moreutils from epel8 not installable
  • Has anyone figured out how to install moreutils on Centos8?
  • RPM resource perl-IPC-Run
  • or

    $ dnf config-manager --enable powertools

  $ dnf install epel-release -y
  $ dnf --enablerepo=powertools install moreutils -y

• check what's package repo can provide

  $ dnf repository-packages epel list

resolve conflict

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• How do I resolve a conflict reported by dnf?

• issue

  $ sudo dnf update --refresh
  CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                                                                 15 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00
  CentOS Linux 8 - Extras                                                                 14 kB/s | 1.5 kB     00:00
  Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64                                          50 kB/s |  22 kB     00:00
  jfrog-cli                                                                              3.9 kB/s | 1.4 kB     00:00
  mono-centos8-stable                                                                     20 kB/s | 2.9 kB     00:00
  Error:
   Problem 1: cannot install both authselect-1.2.2-3.el8.x86_64 and authselect-1.1-2.el8.x86_64
    - package authselect-compat-1.1-2.el8.x86_64 requires authselect(x86-64) = 1.1-2.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package authselect-1.1-2.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package authselect-compat-1.1-2.el8.x86_64
   Problem 2: cannot install both cups-libs-1:2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64 and cups-libs-1:2.2.6-28.el8.x86_64
    - package cups-client-1:2.2.6-28.el8.x86_64 requires cups-libs(x86-64) = 1:2.2.6-28.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package cups-libs-1:2.2.6-28.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package cups-client-1:2.2.6-28.el8.x86_64
   Problem 3: cannot install both dbus-daemon-1:1.12.8-14.el8.x86_64 and dbus-daemon-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64
    - package dbus-x11-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-daemon = 1:1.12.8-9.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package dbus-daemon-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package dbus-x11-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64
   Problem 4: cannot install both libgomp-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 and libgomp-8.3.1-4.5.el8.x86_64
    - package gcc-8.3.1-4.5.el8.x86_64 requires libgomp = 8.3.1-4.5.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package libgomp-8.3.1-4.5.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package gcc-8.3.1-4.5.el8.x86_64
   Problem 5: package libsolv-0.7.19-1.el8.x86_64 conflicts with rpm(x86-64) < 4.14.3 provided by rpm-4.14.2-26.el8_1.x86_64
    - package rpm-build-4.14.2-26.el8_1.x86_64 requires rpm = 4.14.2-26.el8_1, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package libsolv-0.7.4-3.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package rpm-build-4.14.2-26.el8_1.x86_64
   Problem 6: cannot install both libstdc++-8.5.0-4.el8_5.x86_64 and libstdc++-8.3.1-4.5.el8.x86_64
    - package gcc-c++-8.3.1-4.5.el8.x86_64 requires libstdc++ = 8.3.1-4.5.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package libstdc++-8.3.1-4.5.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package gcc-c++-8.3.1-4.5.el8.x86_64
   Problem 7: cannot install both lua-libs-5.3.4-12.el8.x86_64 and lua-libs-5.3.4-11.el8.x86_64
    - package lua-5.3.4-11.el8.x86_64 requires lua-libs = 5.3.4-11.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package lua-libs-5.3.4-11.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package lua-5.3.4-11.el8.x86_64
   Problem 8: cannot install both newt-0.52.20-11.el8.x86_64 and newt-0.52.20-9.el8.x86_64
    - package python3-newt-0.52.20-9.el8.x86_64 requires newt(x86-64) = 0.52.20-9.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package newt-0.52.20-9.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package python3-newt-0.52.20-9.el8.x86_64
   Problem 9: cannot install both perl-libs-4:5.26.3-420.el8.x86_64 and perl-libs-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64
    - package perl-devel-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 requires perl-libs(x86-64) = 4:5.26.3-416.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package perl-libs-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package perl-devel-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64
   Problem 10: cannot install both platform-python-3.6.8-41.el8.x86_64 and platform-python-3.6.8-15.1.el8.x86_64
    - package platform-python-devel-3.6.8-15.1.el8.x86_64 requires platform-python = 3.6.8-15.1.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package platform-python-3.6.8-15.1.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package platform-python-devel-3.6.8-15.1.el8.x86_64
   Problem 11: cannot install both platform-python-pip-9.0.3-20.el8.noarch and platform-python-pip-9.0.3-15.el8.noarch
    - package python3-pip-9.0.3-15.el8.noarch requires platform-python-pip = 9.0.3-15.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package platform-python-pip-9.0.3-15.el8.noarch
    - problem with installed package python3-pip-9.0.3-15.el8.noarch
   Problem 12: cannot install both python3-gobject-base-3.28.3-2.el8.x86_64 and python3-gobject-base-3.28.3-1.el8.x86_64
    - package python3-gobject-3.28.3-1.el8.x86_64 requires python3-gobject-base(x86-64) = 3.28.3-1.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package python3-gobject-base-3.28.3-1.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package python3-gobject-3.28.3-1.el8.x86_64
   Problem 13: package platform-python-devel-3.6.8-15.1.el8.x86_64 requires python3-libs(x86-64) = 3.6.8-15.1.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install both python3-libs-3.6.8-41.el8.x86_64 and python3-libs-3.6.8-15.1.el8.x86_64
    - package python36-devel-3.6.8-2.module+el8.1.0+3334+5cb623d7.x86_64 requires platform-python-devel, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package python3-libs-3.6.8-15.1.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package python36-devel-3.6.8-2.module+el8.1.0+3334+5cb623d7.x86_64
   Problem 14: cannot install both dbus-daemon-1:1.12.8-14.el8.x86_64 and dbus-daemon-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64
    - package dbus-x11-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-daemon = 1:1.12.8-9.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package dbus-1:1.12.8-14.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-daemon = 1:1.12.8-14.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package ibus-1.5.19-4.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-x11, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package dbus-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package ibus-1.5.19-4.el8.x86_64
   Problem 15: cannot install both perl-libs-4:5.26.3-420.el8.x86_64 and perl-libs-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64
    - package perl-devel-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 requires perl-libs(x86-64) = 4:5.26.3-416.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package perl-Errno-1.28-420.el8.x86_64 requires perl-libs(x86-64) = 4:5.26.3-420.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder-1:0.280230-2.el8.noarch requires perl-devel, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package perl-Errno-1.28-416.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder-1:0.280230-2.el8.noarch
   Problem 16: cannot install both perl-libs-4:5.26.3-420.el8.x86_64 and perl-libs-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64
    - package perl-devel-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64 requires perl-libs(x86-64) = 4:5.26.3-416.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package perl-interpreter-4:5.26.3-420.el8.x86_64 requires perl-libs(x86-64) = 4:5.26.3-420.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker-1:7.34-1.el8.noarch requires perl-devel, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package perl-interpreter-4:5.26.3-416.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker-1:7.34-1.el8.noarch
   Problem 17: package dbus-x11-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-daemon = 1:1.12.8-9.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package dbus-daemon-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-common = 1:1.12.8-9.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package ibus-1.5.19-4.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-x11, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install both dbus-common-1:1.12.8-14.el8.noarch and dbus-common-1:1.12.8-9.el8.noarch
    - package ibus-libpinyin-1.10.0-1.el8.x86_64 requires ibus >= 1.5.11, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package dbus-common-1:1.12.8-9.el8.noarch
    - problem with installed package ibus-libpinyin-1.10.0-1.el8.x86_64
   Problem 18: package dbus-x11-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-daemon = 1:1.12.8-9.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package dbus-daemon-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-libs(x86-64) = 1:1.12.8-9.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - package ibus-1.5.19-4.el8.x86_64 requires dbus-x11, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install both dbus-libs-1:1.12.8-14.el8.x86_64 and dbus-libs-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64
    - package ibus-setup-1.5.19-4.el8.noarch requires ibus = 1.5.19-4.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
    - cannot install the best update candidate for package dbus-libs-1:1.12.8-9.el8.x86_64
    - problem with installed package ibus-setup-1.5.19-4.el8.noarch
  (try to add '--allowerasing' to command line to replace conflicting packages or '--skip-broken' to skip uninstallable packages or '--nobest' to use not only best candidate packages)

• solution

  $ sudo dnf repolist
  repo id                                       repo name
  baseos                                        CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS
  epel                                          Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
  extras                                        CentOS Linux 8 - Extras
  jfrog-cli                                     jfrog-cli
  mono-centos8-stable                           mono-centos8-stable
  $ sudo dnf update --refresh --allowerasing
  $ sudo dnf distro-sync -y
  
  # or
  $ sudo dnf remove $(dnf repoquery --duplicated --latest-limit -1 -q)
  
  # show duplicate packages
  $ dnf repoquery --duplicated

File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 28

• error

  File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 28
  except OSError, e:
                ^

• solution

  $ sudo update-alternatives --remove python /usr/bin/python3
  $ realpath /usr/bin/python
  /usr/bin/python2.7

• or

  $ sudo update-alternatives --config python
  
  There are 3 programs which provide 'python'.
  
    Selection    Command
  -----------------------------------------------
  *+ 1           /usr/bin/python3
     2           /usr/bin/python2.7
     3           /usr/bin/python2
  
  Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 3

• reason

  $ ls -l /usr/bin/python*
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    24 Jul 10 02:29 /usr/bin/python -> /etc/alternatives/python
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     9 Dec  6  2018 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7
  -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  7216 Oct 30  2018 /usr/bin/python2.7
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     9 Mar  7  2019 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.4
  -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11392 Feb  5  2019 /usr/bin/python3.4
  -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 11392 Feb  5  2019 /usr/bin/python3.4m
  
  $ ls -altrh /etc/alternatives/python
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Jul 10 02:29 /etc/alternatives/python -> /usr/bin/python3

centos eol

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'baseos' / 'appstream' - Centos 8
• CentOS 8: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream'

  $ sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
  $ sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*

• CentOS Linux EOL

  • At that time, or in the event of a serious security bug in this time window (Defined as anything with a VCSS v3 score of 9 or greater), this content will be removed from our mirrors, and moved to vault.centos.org where it will be archived permanently, since we will not be able to provide updates to the content after the EOL date.
• How To Fix Error Failed to download metadata for repo in CentOS 8

$ cat CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo
[baseos]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - BaseOS
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=BaseOS&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

$ cat CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo
[appstream]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - AppStream
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=AppStream&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/AppStream/$basearch/os/
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

• solution for gpg key issue

  # -- This downloads the Stream repo files.
  $ sudo dnf install centos-release-stream -y --disablerepo=* --enablerepo='extras'
  
  # -- Enabling Stream-* allows you to download the latest gpg key
  $ sudo dnf swap centos-{linux,stream}-repos -y --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=extras,Stream-*
  
  # -- Only necessary if you're using epel repos
  $ sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools
  
  $ sudo dnf distro-sync -y
  $ sudo reboot
  
  # -- Not all packages are upgradeable during the distro-sync. I had 28 packages on one server, including gcc-c++, gcc-fortran, and mysql-server
  $ sudo dnf upgrade -y
  
  # -- Optional. There's no need to keep these files, but if you don't mind your directory being messy, you can leave them.
  $ sudo rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*rpmsave
  
  # -- Optional. The *.repo.rpmnew files have $releasever in the Name directive, so this is just to keep the display names consistent across repos and servers (if you build new Stream systems, they'll have $releasever in the display name); the actual repo names are the same in both files.
  $ ls *rpmnew | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }' | while read -r REPO ; do /usr/bin/cp  $REPO.repo.rpmnew $REPO.repo ; done

  • or

    $ curl https://vault.centos.org/8.5.2111/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-gpg-keys-8-3.el8.noarch.rpm -o centos-gpg-keys-8-3.el8.noarch.rpm
    $ sudo rpm -i centos-gpg-keys-8-3.el8.noarch.rpm
    $ sudo dnf --disablerepo '*' --enablerepo=extras swap centos-linux-repos centos-stream-repos
    $ sudo dnf distro-sync

CentOS 8 -> CentOS 9

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• yodermk/centos8-9.sh
• Conflicting requests after update to CentOS 9 Stream from 8

$ sudo yum upgrade
$ sudo reboot
$ sudo dnf install epel-release
$ sudo dnf install rpmconf
$ sudo dnf install yum-utils
$ sudo rpmconf -a  # answer "n" to both things
$ sudo package-cleanup --leaves
$ sudo package-cleanup --orphans
$ dnf install http://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-repos-9.0-9.el9.noarch.rpm \
              http://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-release-9.0-9.el9.noarch.rpm \
              http://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-gpg-keys-9.0-9.el9.noarch.rpm
$ sudo curl -O https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm
$ sudo curl -O https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-next-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm
$ sudo rpm -Uvh *.rpm
$ sudo yum update
$ sudo dnf clean all
$ sudo rpm -e `rpm -q kernel`
$ sudo dnf -y --releasever=9 --allowerasing --setopt=deltarpm=false distro-sync
$ sudo dnf clean all
$ sudo reboot
$ sudo rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db*
$ sudo rpm --rebuilddb
$ sudo dnf -y groupupdate "Core" "Minimal Install"

snap

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• Is it possible to install the .snap application in an offline computer?

# online machine
$ snap download curl
Fetching snap "curl"
2024/01/05 21:58:46.632267 store_download.go:142: no host system xdelta3 available to use deltas
Fetching assertions for "curl"
Install the snap with:
   snap ack curl_1754.assert
   snap install curl_1754.snap

$ scp curl_1754* [e-mail]:~/snap

# offline machine
$ sudo snap ack curl_1754.assert
$ sudo snap install curl_1754.snap
curl 8.1.2 from Wouter van Bommel (woutervb) installed

$ curl --version
curl 8.1.2 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/8.1.2 OpenSSL/1.1.1f zlib/1.2.11 brotli/1.0.7 zstd/1.4.4 libidn2/2.2.0 libpsl/0.21.0 (+libidn2/2.2.0) libssh/0.9.3/openssl/zlib nghttp2/1.40.0 librtmp/2.3 libgsasl/1.8.1
Release-Date: 2023-05-30
Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher gophers http https imap imaps ldap ldaps mqtt pop3 pop3s rtmp rtsp scp sftp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp
Features: alt-svc AsynchDNS brotli gsasl GSS-API HSTS HTTP2 HTTPS-proxy IDN IPv6 Kerberos Largefile libz NTLM NTLM_WB PSL SPNEGO SSL threadsafe TLS-SRP UnixSockets zstd