# windows
* [system information](#system-information)
* [manufacturer](#manufacturer)
* [serial number](#serial-number)
* [product name](#product-name)
* [uuid](#uuid)
* [system slot](#system-slot)
* [cpu](#cpu)
* [os](#os)
* [system sensor status](#system-sensor-status)
* [memory](#memory)
* [disk](#disk)
* [mac address](#mac-address)
* [process](#process)
* [get the list of programs (`wmic`)](#get-the-list-of-programs-wmic)
* [`ps auxf`](#ps-auxf)
* [stop service & process via powershell](#stop-service--process-via-powershell)
* [CLSID](#clsid)
* [usage](#usage)
* [details](#details)
* [`regedit`](#regedit)
* [Set `%USERPROFILE%` as `${HOME}` for **cygwin**](#set-%userprofile%-as-home-for-cygwin)
* [PuTTy](#putty)
* [disable screensaver](#disable-screensaver)
* [Remove Graphics card context menu](#remove-graphics-card-context-menu)
* [Set Environment Variables](#set-environment-variables)
* [setx problem](#setx-problem)
* [whoami check SID](#whoami-check-sid)
* [fingerprint pro](#fingerprint-pro)
* [enable gadgets](#enable-gadgets)
* [issue about `"profile.d\Active"' is not recognized as an internal or external command`](#issue-about-profiled\active-is-not-recognized-as-an-internal-or-external-command)
* [stop windows beep](#stop-windows-beep)
* [outlook move hubbar to bottom](#outlook-move-hubbar-to-bottom)
* [`shell`](#shell)
* [utf-8 in windows terminal](#utf-8-in-windows-terminal)
* [win + r](#kbdwinkbd--kbdrkbd)
* [debug in powershell](#debug-in-powershell)
* [show all environment variables](#show-all-environment-variables)
* [setup environment via config file by powershell](#setup-environment-via-config-file-by-powershell)
* [tricky](#tricky)
* [create symbolic or hard link](#create-symbolic-or-hard-link)
* [enable LongPaths in windows](#enable-longpaths-in-windows)
* [Internet Explorer Enhanced Security Configuration is enabled](#internet-explorer-enhanced-security-configuration-is-enabled)
* [powershell plugins](#powershell-plugins)
* [openssh for windows](#openssh-for-windows)
* [mount](#mount)
* [NFS](#nfs)
* [iso](#iso)
* [VHD or VHDX](#vhd-or-vhdx)
* [troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
* [`Error code = 0x800f0954`](#error-code--0x800f0954)
{% hint style="info" %}
> reference:
>
> * [windows commandline](https://www.windows-commandline.com/)
> * [TenForums](https://www.tenforums.com/)
> {% endhint %}
### system information
{% hint style="info" %}
> * [20 Useful wmic command examples in Windows | Cheat Sheet](https://www.cyberithub.com/20-useful-wmic-command-examples-in-windows-cheat-sheet/)
> * [MS-DOS and Windows command line wmic command](https://www.computerhope.com/wmic.htm)
> * [Find The Manufacturer, Model, Name And System Type Using The Command Prompt](https://support.4it.com.au/article/find-manufacturer-model-name-system-type-using-command-prompt/)
> * [How to Find Your Windows 10 PC Hardware and System Specs](https://www.groovypost.com/howto/find-your-windows-10-computers-hardware-and-system-specs/)
> * [How to get full PC memory specs (speed, size, type, part number, form factor) on Windows 10](https://www.windowscentral.com/how-get-full-memory-specs-speed-size-type-part-number-form-factor-windows-10)
> * [4 Ways to Find Number of Cores in your CPU on Windows 10](https://www.top-password.com/blog/find-number-of-cores-in-your-cpu-on-windows-10/)
> * [View Disk Properties and LUN Information in Windows](https://support.purestorage.com/Solutions/Microsoft_Platform_Guide/Multipath-IO_and_Storage_Settings/View_Disk_Properties_and_LUN_Information_in_Windows)
> * [Get mac address from command line (CMD)](https://www.windows-commandline.com/get-mac-address-command-line/)
> * [How to check a PC's hard drive model, serial number, firmware version, and more using Command Prompt](https://www.windowscentral.com/how-check-hard-drive-model-serial-number-firmware-version-and-more-using-command-prompt)
> {% endhint %}
> \[!TIP|label:memorychip]
>
> * supported types:
| ID | TYPE |
| :-: | :--------------: |
| 0 | Unknown |
| 1 | Other |
| 2 | DRAM |
| 3 | Synchronous DRAM |
| 4 | Cache DRAM |
| 5 | EDO |
| 6 | EDRAM |
| 7 | VRAM |
| 8 | SRAM |
| 9 | RAM |
| 10 | ROM |
| 11 | Flash |
| 12 | EEPROM |
| 13 | FEPROM |
| 14 | EPROM |
| 15 | CDRAM |
| 16 | 3DRAM |
| 17 | SDRAM |
| 18 | SGRAM |
| 19 | RDRAM |
| 20 | DDR |
| 21 | DDR2 |
| 22 | DDR2 FB-DIMM |
| 24 | DDR3 |
| 25 | FBD2 |
| 26 | DDR4 |
> * supported form factors:
| ID | FORM |
| :-: | :---------: |
| 0 | Unknown |
| 1 | Other |
| 2 | SIP |
| 3 | DIP |
| 4 | ZIP |
| 5 | SOJ |
| 6 | Proprietary |
| 7 | SIMM |
| 8 | DIMM |
| 9 | TSOP |
| 10 | PGA |
| 11 | RIMM |
| 12 | SODIMM |
| 13 | SRIMM |
| 14 | SMD |
| 15 | SSMP |
| 16 | QFP |
| 17 | TQFP |
| 18 | SOIC |
| 19 | LCC |
| 20 | PLCC |
| 21 | BGA |
| 22 | FPBGA |
| 23 | LGA |
| 24 | FB-DIMM |
```batch
> wmic computersystem
AdminPasswordStatus AutomaticManagedPagefile AutomaticResetBootOption AutomaticResetCapability BootOptionOnLimit BootOptionOnWatchDog BootROMSupported BootStatus BootupState Caption ChassisBootupState ChassisSKUNumber CreationClassName CurrentTimeZone DaylightInEffect Description DNSHostName Domain DomainRole EnableDaylightSavingsTime FrontPanelResetStatus HypervisorPresent InfraredSupported InitialLoadInfo InstallDate KeyboardPasswordStatus LastLoadInfo Manufacturer Model Name NameFormat NetworkServerModeEnabled NumberOfLogicalProcessors NumberOfProcessors OEMLogoBitmap OEMStringArray PartOfDomain PauseAfterReset PCSystemType PCSystemTypeEx PowerManagementCapabilities PowerManagementSupported PowerOnPasswordStatus PowerState PowerSupplyState PrimaryOwnerContact PrimaryOwnerName ResetCapability ResetCount ResetLimit Roles Status SupportContactDescription SystemFamily SystemSKUNumber SystemStartupDelay SystemStartupOptions SystemStartupSetting SystemType ThermalState TotalPhysicalMemory UserName WakeUpType Workgroup
3 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0} Normal boot MY-WINDOWS 3 Default string Win32_ComputerSystem 480 AT/AT COMPATIBLE MY-WINDOWS computer.com 3 TRUE 3 FALSE FALSE 3 Supermicro SYS-1028U-E1CRTP+ MY-COMUTER TRUE 32 2 {"Intel Haswell/Wellsburg/Grantley", "Supermicro motherboard-X10 Series"} TRUE -1 4 4 3 0 3 Windows User 1 -1 -1 {"LM_Workstation", "LM_Server", "NT", "Server_NT"} OK Default string Default string x64-based PC 3 120139976704 6
REM computer system product
> wmic csproduct
Caption Description IdentifyingNumber Name SKUNumber UUID Vendor Version
Computer System Product Computer System Product S2xxxxxxxxxxxxx SYS-xxxxU-Exxxxx+ 00000000-0000-0000-0000-0xxxxxxxxxxx Supermicro 0123456789
> wmic bios
BiosCharacteristics BIOSVersion BuildNumber Caption CodeSet CurrentLanguage Description EmbeddedControllerMajorVersion EmbeddedControllerMinorVersion IdentificationCode InstallableLanguages InstallDate LanguageEdition ListOfLanguages Manufacturer Name OtherTargetOS PrimaryBIOS ReleaseDate SerialNumber SMBIOSBIOSVersion SMBIOSMajorVersion SMBIOSMinorVersion SMBIOSPresent SoftwareElementID SoftwareElementState Status SystemBiosMajorVersion SystemBiosMinorVersion TargetOperatingSystem Version
{7, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 40, 42, 43} {"- 1072009", "BIOS Date: 06/08/18 21:36:11 Ver: 05.0000B"} BIOS Date: 06/08/18 21:36:11 Ver: 05.0000B BIOS Date: 06/08/18 21:36:11 Ver: 05.0000B 255 255 American Megatrends Inc. BIOS Date: 06/08/18 21:36:11 Ver: 05.0000B TRUE 20180608000000.000000+000 Sxxxxxxxxxxxxx2 3.1 3 0 TRUE BIOS Date: 06/08/18 21:36:11 Ver: 05.0000B 3 OK 5 6 0 - 1072009
> wmic cpu
AddressWidth Architecture AssetTag Availability Caption Characteristics ConfigManagerErrorCode ConfigManagerUserConfig CpuStatus CreationClassName CurrentClockSpeed CurrentVoltage DataWidth Description DeviceID ErrorCleared ErrorDescription ExtClock Family InstallDate L2CacheSize L2CacheSpeed L3CacheSize L3CacheSpeed LastErrorCode Level LoadPercentage Manufacturer MaxClockSpeed Name NumberOfCores NumberOfEnabledCore NumberOfLogicalProcessors OtherFamilyDescription PartNumber PNPDeviceID PowerManagementCapabilities PowerManagementSupported ProcessorId ProcessorType Revision Role SecondLevelAddressTranslationExtensions SerialNumber SocketDesignation Status StatusInfo Stepping SystemCreationClassName SystemName ThreadCount UniqueId UpgradeMethod Version VirtualizationFirmwareEnabled VMMonitorModeExtensions VoltageCaps
64 9 3 Intel64 Family 6 Model 79 Stepping 1 252 1 Win32_Processor 1200 18 64 Intel64 Family 6 Model 79 Stepping 1 CPU0 100 179 2048 25600 0 6 2 GenuineIntel 3201 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2667 v4 @ 3.20GHz 8 8 16 FALSE BFEBFBFF000406F1 3 20225 CPU TRUE CPU1 OK 3 Win32_ComputerSystem MY-COMUTER 16 43 TRUE TRUE
64 9 3 Intel64 Family 6 Model 79 Stepping 1 252 1 Win32_Processor 1200 18 64 Intel64 Family 6 Model 79 Stepping 1 CPU1 100 179 2048 25600 0 6 1 GenuineIntel 3201 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2667 v4 @ 3.20GHz 8 8 16 FALSE BFEBFBFF000406F1 3 20225 CPU TRUE CPU2 OK 3 Win32_ComputerSystem MY-COMUTER 16 43 TRUE TRUE
> wmic os
BootDevice BuildNumber BuildType Caption CodeSet CountryCode CreationClassName CSCreationClassName CSDVersion CSName CurrentTimeZone DataExecutionPrevention_32BitApplications DataExecutionPrevention_Available DataExecutionPrevention_Drivers DataExecutionPrevention_SupportPolicy Debug Description Distributed EncryptionLevel ForegroundApplicationBoost FreePhysicalMemory FreeSpaceInPagingFiles FreeVirtualMemory InstallDate LargeSystemCache LastBootUpTime LocalDateTime Locale Manufacturer MaxNumberOfProcesses MaxProcessMemorySize MUILanguages Name NumberOfLicensedUsers NumberOfProcesses NumberOfUsers OperatingSystemSKU Organization OSArchitecture OSLanguage OSProductSuite OSType OtherTypeDescription PAEEnabled PlusProductID PlusVersionNumber PortableOperatingSystem Primary ProductType RegisteredUser SerialNumber ServicePackMajorVersion ServicePackMinorVersion SizeStoredInPagingFiles Status SuiteMask SystemDevice SystemDirectory SystemDrive TotalSwapSpaceSize TotalVirtualMemorySize TotalVisibleMemorySize Version WindowsDirectory
\Device\HarddiskVolume2 14393 Multiprocessor Free Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Standard 1252 1 Win32_OperatingSystem Win32_ComputerSystem MY-COMUTER 480 TRUE TRUE TRUE 3 FALSE FALSE 256 2 104318100 16628652 123960128 20190906144511.000000+480 20220910175932.131994+480 20221108192010.474000+480 0409 Microsoft Corporation 4294967295 137438953344 {"en-US"} Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Standard|C:\Windows|\Device\Harddisk0\Partition3 0 90 11 7 64-bit 1033 272 18 FALSE TRUE 3 Windows User 003xx-6xxxx-00000-AAxxx 0 0 16777216 OK 272 \Device\HarddiskVolume3 C:\Windows\system32 C: 134101412 117324196 10.0.14393 C:\Windows
> wmic memorychip list
BankLabel Capacity DataWidth Description DeviceLocator FormFactor HotSwappable InstallDate InterleaveDataDepth InterleavePosition Manufacturer MemoryType Model Name OtherIdentifyingInfo PartNumber PositionInRow PoweredOn Removable Replaceable SerialNumber SKU Speed Status Tag TotalWidth TypeDetail Version
P0_Node0_Channel0_Dimm0 17179869184 64 Physical Memory P1-DIMMA1 8 0 0 Micron 0 Physical Memory 18ASF2G72PDZ-2G6E1 1 1D698284 2667 Physical Memory 0 72 128
P0_Node0_Channel1_Dimm0 17179869184 64 Physical Memory P1-DIMMB1 8 0 0 Micron 0 Physical Memory 18ASF2G72PDZ-2G6E1 1 1D69C62D 2667 Physical Memory 3 72 128
P0_Node0_Channel2_Dimm0 17179869184 64 Physical Memory P1-DIMMC1 8 0 0 Micron 0 Physical Memory 18ASF2G72PDZ-2G6E1 1 1D6975D6 2667 Physical Memory 6 72 128
P0_Node0_Channel3_Dimm0 17179869184 64 Physical Memory P1-DIMMD1 8 0 0 Micron 0 Physical Memory 18ASF2G72PDZ-2G6E1 1 1D697650 2667 Physical Memory 9 72 128
P1_Node1_Channel1_Dimm0 17179869184 64 Physical Memory P2-DIMMF1 8 0 0 Micron 0 Physical Memory 18ASF2G72PDZ-2G6E1 1 1D696E47 2667 Physical Memory 15 72 128
P1_Node1_Channel2_Dimm0 17179869184 64 Physical Memory P2-DIMMG1 8 0 0 Micron 0 Physical Memory 18ASF2G72PDZ-2G6E1 1 1D69C141 2667 Physical Memory 18 72 128
P1_Node1_Channel3_Dimm0 17179869184 64 Physical Memory P2-DIMMH1 8 0 0 Micron 0 Physical Memory 18ASF2G72PDZ-2G6E1 1 1D69BD45 2667 Physical Memory 21 72 128
> wmic diskdrive list
Availability BytesPerSector Capabilities CapabilityDescriptions CompressionMethod ConfigManagerErrorCode ConfigManagerUserConfig DefaultBlockSize Description DeviceID ErrorCleared ErrorDescription ErrorMethodology Index InstallDate InterfaceType LastErrorCode Manufacturer MaxBlockSize MaxMediaSize MediaLoaded MediaType MinBlockSize Model Name NeedsCleaning NumberOfMediaSupported Partitions PNPDeviceID PowerManagementCapabilities PowerManagementSupported SCSIBus SCSILogicalUnit SCSIPort SCSITargetId SectorsPerTrack Signature Size Status StatusInfo SystemName TotalCylinders TotalHeads TotalSectors TotalTracks TracksPerCylinder
512 {3, 4} {"Random Access", "Supports Writing"} 0 FALSE Disk drive \\.\PHYSICALDRIVE1 1 SCSI (Standard disk drives) TRUE Fixed hard disk media AVAGO SMC3108 SCSI Disk Device \\.\PHYSICALDRIVE1 2 SCSI\DISK&VEN_AVAGO&PROD_SMC3108\5&1xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx0 1 0 0 1 63 7679261237760 OK MY-COMPUTER 933617 255 14998557105 238072335 255
512 {3, 4} {"Random Access", "Supports Writing"} 0 FALSE Disk drive \\.\PHYSICALDRIVE0 0 SCSI (Standard disk drives) TRUE Fixed hard disk media AVAGO SMC3108 SCSI Disk Device \\.\PHYSICALDRIVE0 3 SCSI\DISK&VEN_AVAGO&PROD_SMC3108\5&1xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx0 1 0 0 0 38 745584 239511336960 OK MY-COMPUTER 117242 105 467795580 12310410 105
```
* or ctrl + r -> `msinfo32`
[msinfo32](https://github.com/marslo/ibook/blob/marslo/docs/screenshot/win/msinfo32.png)
#### manufacturer
```batch
> wmic computersystem get manufacturer
anufacturer
Supermicro
```
#### serial number
```batch
> wmic bios get serialnumber
SerialNumber
Sxxxxxxxxxxxxx2
> wmic csproduct get IdentifyingNumber
IdentifyingNumber
Sxxxxxxxxxxxxx2
```
#### product name
```batch
> wmic computersystem get model,name,manufacturer,systemtype
> wmic computersystem get Model,Name,Manufacturer,SystemType,SystemFamily,SystemSKUNumber
Manufacturer Model Name SystemFamily SystemSKUNumber SystemType
LENOVO 20T1S4L10K SC-L*****0 ThinkPad T14s Gen 1 LENOVO_MT_20T1_BU_Think_FM_ThinkPad T14s Gen 1 x64-based PC
```
#### uuid
```batch
> wmic csproduct get uuid
UUID
00000000-0000-0000-0000-0xxxxxxxxxxx
```
#### system slot
```batch
> wmic systemslot get slotdesignation,currentusage,description,status
CurrentUsage Description SlotDesignation Status
4 System Slot RSC-R1UW-2E16 SLOT1 PCI-E X16 OK
3 System Slot RSC-R1UW-2E16 SLOT2 PCI-E X16 OK
3 System Slot RSC-R1UW-E8R SLOT1 PCI-E X8 OK
4 System Slot AOC-URN2-i4GXS SLOT1 PCI-E 3.0 X8 OK
```
#### cpu
```batch
> wmic cpu get DeviceID,NumberOfCores,NumberOfLogicalProcessors,Manufacturer,Name,ProcessorId
DeviceID Manufacturer Name NumberOfCores NumberOfLogicalProcessors ProcessorId
CPU0 GenuineIntel Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2667 v4 @ 3.20GHz 8 16 BFEBFBFF000406F1
CPU1 GenuineIntel Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2667 v4 @ 3.20GHz 8 16 BFEBFBFF000406F1
REM or
> wmic cpu get SocketDesignation, NumberOfCores, NumberOfLogicalProcessors /Format:List
NumberOfCores=8
NumberOfLogicalProcessors=16
SocketDesignation=CPU1
NumberOfCores=8
NumberOfLogicalProcessors=16
SocketDesignation=CPU2
REM or
> echo %NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
32
```
* or
```powershell
> Get-WmiObject –class Win32_processor | ft NumberOfCores,NumberOfLogicalProcessors
NumberOfCores NumberOfLogicalProcessors
------------- -------------------------
8 16
```
#### os
```batch
> wmic os get Caption,CodeSet,Manufacturer,OSArchitecture,SerialNumber
Caption CodeSet Manufacturer OSArchitecture SerialNumber
icrosoft Windows Server 2016 Standard 1252 Microsoft Corporation 64-bit 003xx-6xxxx-00000-AAxxx
```
#### system sensor status
```batch
> wmic temperature get deviceid,name,status
```
#### memory
```batch
> wmic memphysical
Caption CreationClassName Depth Description Height HotSwappable InstallDate Location Manufacturer MaxCapacity MaxCapacityEx MemoryDevices MemoryErrorCorrection Model Name OtherIdentifyingInfo PartNumber PoweredOn Removable Replaceable SerialNumber SKU Status Tag Use Version Weight Width
Physical Memory Array Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray Physical Memory Array 3 805306368 805306368 12 6 Physical Memory Array Physical Memory Array 0 3
Physical Memory Array Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray Physical Memory Array 3 805306368 805306368 12 6 Physical Memory Array Physical Memory Array 1 3
> systeminfo | findstr /C:"Total Physical Memory"
Total Physical Memory: 114,574 MB
> wmic computersystem get TotalPhysicalMemory
TotalPhysicalMemory
120139976704
> wmic os get TotalVirtualMemorySize, TotalVisibleMemorySize, FreePhysicalMemory, FreeVirtualMemory, MaxProcessMemorySize
FreePhysicalMemory FreeVirtualMemory MaxProcessMemorySize TotalVirtualMemorySize TotalVisibleMemorySize
104338016 123980828 137438953344 134101412 117324196
```
#### disk
```batch
> wmic diskdrive get model,index,firmwareRevision,status,interfaceType,totalHeads,totalTracks,totalCylinders,totalSectors,partitions
FirmwareRevision Index InterfaceType Model Partitions Status TotalCylinders TotalHeads TotalSectors TotalTracks
4.68 1 SCSI AVAGO SMC3108 SCSI Disk Device 2 OK 933617 255 14998557105 238072335
4.68 0 SCSI AVAGO SMC3108 SCSI Disk Device 3 OK 117242 105 467795580 12310410
```
* via diskpart
```batch
> diskpart
DISKPART> list volume
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 E New Volume NTFS Simple 7151 GB Healthy
Volume 1 System Rese NTFS Partition 500 MB Healthy System
Volume 2 C NTFS Partition 221 GB Healthy Boot
DISKPART> list disk
Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt
-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- ---
Disk 0 Online 223 GB 0 B
Disk 1 Online 7151 GB 0 B * *
DISKPART> select disk 0
Disk 0 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> detail disk
AVAGO SMC3108 SCSI Disk Device
Disk ID: 000B6070
Type : RAID
Status : Online
Path : 1
Target : 0
LUN ID : 0
Location Path : PCIROOT(0)#PCI(0200)#PCI(0000)#RAID(P01T00L00)
Current Read-only State : No
Read-only : No
Boot Disk : Yes
Pagefile Disk : Yes
Hibernation File Disk : No
Crashdump Disk : Yes
Clustered Disk : No
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 1 System Rese NTFS Partition 500 MB Healthy System
Volume 2 C NTFS Partition 221 GB Healthy Boot
DISKPART> select disk 1
Disk 1 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> detail disk
AVAGO SMC3108 SCSI Disk Device
Disk ID: {057A21CC-17C6-45E2-893C-D68B128CAD35}
Type : RAID
Status : Online
Path : 1
Target : 1
LUN ID : 0
Location Path : PCIROOT(0)#PCI(0200)#PCI(0000)#RAID(P01T01L00)
Current Read-only State : No
Read-only : No
Boot Disk : No
Pagefile Disk : No
Hibernation File Disk : No
Crashdump Disk : No
Clustered Disk : No
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 E New Volume NTFS Simple 7151 GB Healthy
```
#### mac address
```batch
> getmac
Physical Address Transport Name
=================== ==========================================================
AC-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx Media disconnected
N/A Hardware not present
0C-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx \Device\Tcpip_{BxxxxxxA-3xx1-4xxF-8xx5-3xxxxxxxxxxA}
```
### process
#### get the list of programs (`wmic`)
```batch
[12:26:33.40 C:\Windows\SysWOW64]
$ wmic product get name,version
Name Version
ALM-Platform Loader 11.5x 11.52.444.0
icrosoft Lync Web App Plug-in 15.8.8308.577
Google App Engine 1.8.6.0
icrosoft Office Professional Plus 2010 14.0.6029.1000
icrosoft Office OneNote MUI (English) 2010 14.0.6029.1000
...
```
#### `ps auxf`
* `tasklist`
```batch
> tasklist
Image Name PID Session Name Session# Mem Usage
========================= ======== ================ =========== ============
System Idle Process 0 Services 0 4 K
System 4 Services 0 8,236 K
smss.exe 520 Services 0 1,164 K
csrss.exe 864 Services 0 4,340 K
wininit.exe 960 Services 0 4,744 K
csrss.exe 968 Console 1 11,396 K
services.exe 108 Services 0 7,776 K
lsass.exe 96 Services 0 22,176 K
```
#### stop service & process via powershell
> reference:
>
> * [Restart docker Windows 10 command line](https://stackoverflow.com/a/57560043/2940319)
* get service:
```powershell
PS > Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.name -ilike "*docker*" -and $_.Status -ieq "Running"}
Status Name DisplayName
------ ---- -----------
Running docker Docker Engine
# or
PS > Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.name -ilike "*docker*" -and $_.Status -ieq "Running"}
Status Name DisplayName
------ ---- -----------
Running docker Docker Engine
```
* stop service:
```powershell
PS > foreach($svc in (Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.name -ilike "*docker*" -and $_.Status -ieq "Running"}))
{
$svc | Stop-Service -ErrorAction Continue -Confirm:$false -Force
}
# or
PS > Stop-Service docker -ErrorAction Continue -Confirm:$false -Force
```
* get process
```powershell
PS > Get-Process | Where-Object {$_.Name -ilike "*docker*"}
Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName
------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------
644 43 175288 56388 475.31 5080 0 dockerd
```
* stop process
```powershell
PS > Get-Process | Where-Object {$_.Name -ilike "*docker*"} | Stop-Process -ErrorAction Continue -Confirm:$false -Force
```
**restart docker service & process**
```powershell
PS > Stop-Service docker -ErrorAction Continue -Confirm:$false -Force
PS > Get-Process | Where-Object {$_.Name -ilike "*docker*"} | Stop-Process -ErrorAction Continue -Confirm:$false -Force
PS > Start-Service docker
PS > Get-Process | Where-Object {$_.Name -ilike "*docker*"}
Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName
------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------
371 26 142736 46460 1.06 5828 0 dockerd
```
**restart via batch**
> reference:
>
> * [Restart docker Windows 10 command line](https://stackoverflow.com/a/55212066/2940319)
```batch
> net stop docker
> net stop com.docker.service
> taskkill /IM "dockerd.exe" /F
> taskkill /IM "Docker for Windows.exe" /F
> net start docker
> net start com.docker.service
> "c:\program files\docker\docker\Docker for Windows.exe"
```
### [CLSID](https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/3123-clsid-key-guid-shortcuts-list-windows-10-a.html)
> reference [CLSID Key (GUID) Shortcuts List for Windows 10](https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/3123-clsid-key-guid-shortcuts-list-windows-10-a.html)
#### usage
```batch
> explorer.exe shell:::{05d7b0f4-2121-4eff-bf6b-ed3f69b894d9}
```
or
```batch
> explorer.exe /e,::{CLSID key number}
```
#### details
[clsid](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/ibook/good/windows/clsid)
### `regedit`
#### [Set `%USERPROFILE%` as `${HOME}` for **cygwin**](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/225764/safely-change-home-directory-in-cygwin)
```batch
[15:55:36.30 C:\]
> REG ADD HKCU\Environment /v HOME /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d ^%USERPROFILE^%
```
#### PuTTy
* Backup PuTTy sessions
```batch
> REGEDIT /e "%userprofile%\desktop\putty-registry.reg" HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Simontatham
```
* Launchy PuTTy session as shortcut
```batch
> [PuTTy.exe] -load [SessionName]
```
* Backup PuTTy session
```batch
> REGEDIT /e "%userprofile%\desktop\putty-sessions.reg" HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions
```
#### [disable screensaver](https://gist.github.com/Otiel/8d15d21593b481c1e525500762db52ba)
> reference [Configure screensaver command line](https://www.windows-commandline.com/configure-screensaver-command-line/)
```batch
> REM Disable the screensaver
> REG ADD "HKCU\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Control Panel\Desktop" /v ScreenSaverIsSecure /t REG_SZ /d 0 /f
> REG ADD "HKCU\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Control Panel\Desktop" /v ScreenSaveActive /t REG_SZ /d 0 /f
```
* or by using autohotkey
```autohotkey
CoordMode, Mouse, Screen
Loop
{
; Move mouse
MouseMove, 1, 1, 0, R
; Replace mouse to its original location
MouseMove, -1, -1, 0, R
; Wait before moving the mouse again
Sleep, 600000
}
return
```
* [or](https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/13510-move-mouse-when-not-in-use-to-disable-screensaver/)
```autohotkey
#Persistent
SetTimer, WatchCursor, 100
return
Loop
{
WatchCursor:
MouseGetPos,X1 ,Y1
Sleep 10000
MouseGetPos,X2,Y2
if X1=X2 And Y1=Y2
{
MouseMove,100,100
Sleep, 10000
MouseMove,200,200
Sleep, 10000
}
}
```
#### Remove Graphics card context menu
* Unregister igfxpph.dll
```batch
> regsvr32 /u igfxpph.dll
```
* Remove register
* Setting from regedit
```batch
> REG DELETE "HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers\igfxcui" /f
```
* Setting from setx
```batch
> REG DELETE "HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers\igfxcui" /f
```
#### Set Environment Variables
* Set User Varialbe
```batch
> setx VIM_HOME C:\Marslo\MyProgramFiles\Vim\vim74\gvim.exe
```
* Set System Variable
```batch
> setx /M VIM_HOME C:\Marslo\MyProgramFiles\Vim\vim74\gvim.exe
```
**details**
[windows default environment variable](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/ibook/good/windows/env)
#### setx problem
```batch
> setx /M PATH %PATH%;%M2_HOME%\bin
ERROR: Invalid syntax. Default option is not allowed more than '2' time(s).
Type "SETX /?" for usage.
```
* fix:
```batch
> REG ADD "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path /t REG_SZ /d "%path%;%M2_HOME%\bin" /f
```
#### whoami check SID
```batch
> whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
================ ===============================================
mj\marslo_jiao S-1-5-21-354581543-3608027983-2995495404-970613
```
#### fingerprint pro
```batch
URL: www.lenovo.com
Help link: support.lenovo.com
Installation folder: C:\Program Files\Lenovo\Fingerprint Manager Pro\
Uninstaller: "C:\Program Files\InstallShield Installation Information\{314FAD12-F785-4471-BCE8-AB506642B9A1}\setup.exe" -runfromtemp -l0x0409 -removeonly
Estimated size: 70.21 MB
```
#### enable gadgets
```batch
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Windows\Sidebar]
"TurnOffSidebar"=-
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Windows\Sidebar]
"TurnOffSidebar"=-
```
#### [issue about `"profile.d\Active"' is not recognized as an internal or external command`](https://github.com/cmderdev/cmder/issues/1102#issuecomment-251550950)
* regedit
```batch
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor]
"Autorun"="@CHCP 65001>nul"
```
* cmd
```batch
> REG ADD "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor" /v AutoRun /t REG_SZ /d "@CHCP 65001>nul" /f
```
#### stop windows beep
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [How to disable PC Speaker beep sound in Windows 10](https://winaero.com/how-to-disable-pc-speaker-beep-sound-in-windows-10/)
> * [How to disable System Beep in Windows 10](https://www.thewindowsclub.com/disable-system-beep-windows-7-8)
```batch
> net stop beep
> sc config beep start= disabled
```
#### [outlook move hubbar to bottom](https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/outlook_com/forum/all/outlook-office-365-desktop-move-navigation-bar-to/e1429b26-25cf-423f-86ed-45760a37d8d9)
```batch
> REG ADD "HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\ExperimentConfigs\ExternalFeatureOverrides\outlook" /v "Microsoft.Office.Outlook.Hub.HubBar" /t REG_SZ /d "false" /f
```
* regedit
```batch
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\ExperimentConfigs\ExternalFeatureOverrides\outlook]
"Microsoft.Office.Outlook.Hub.HubBar"="false"
```
### `shell`
{% hint style="info" %}
> references:
>
> * [What is Windows Terminal?](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/?source=recommendations)
> * [Appearance profile settings in Windows Terminal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/customize-settings/profile-appearance?source=recommendations)
> * [Windows Terminal tips and tricks](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/tips-and-tricks?source=recommendations)
> * \[Theme settings in Windows Terminal ([Preview](https://apps.microsoft.com/store/detail/windows-terminal-preview/9N8G5RFZ9XK3))]\()
> {% endhint %}
#### utf-8 in windows terminal
> \[!TIP]
>
> * references:
> * [Use UTF-8 code pages in Windows apps](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/globalizing/use-utf8-code-page)
> * [Using UTF-8 in the Windows Terminal](https://akr.am/blog/posts/using-utf-8-in-the-windows-terminal)
> * [Using UTF-8 Encoding (CHCP 65001) in Command Prompt / Windows Powershell (Windows 10)](https://stackoverflow.com/a/57134096/2940319)
> * [Terminal should force pseudoconsole host into UTF-8 codepage by default #1802](https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/issues/1802#issuecomment-508960470)
> * [How to use unicode characters in Windows command line?](https://stackoverflow.com/a/33475373/2940319)
> * [Change default code page of Windows console to UTF-8](https://superuser.com/a/269857/112396)
#### win + r
> references:
>
> * [shell:folder](https://github.com/marslo/ibook/blob/marslo/docs/cheatsheet/windows/shell-folder.html)
* appfolder
```batch
> shell:appfolder
```
* startup folder
```batch
> shell:startup
> shell:Common Startup
```
#### debug in powershell
> references:
>
> * [Set-PSDebug](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/set-psdebug?view=powershell-7.1)
> * [Troubleshoot by Using Set-PSDebug](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/scripting/troubleshoot-by-using-set-psdebug/)
```powershell
> Set-PSDebug -Trace 2
```
#### show all environment variables
```powershell
Write-Host "System Environment: "
Get-ChildItem -Path Env:
```
#### setup environment via config file by powershell
> references:
>
> * [Set-Content](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/set-content?view=powershell-7.1)
```powershell
PS C:\> cat .\test.txt
TEST_A=aa
TEST_B=bb
PS C:\> cat .\test.txt | ForEach-Object {
>> $name, $value = $_ -split '=', 2
>> Set-Content env:\"$name" $value
>> }
```
* example
```
PS C:\> Get-Content -Path .\test.txt | Foreach-Object {
>> $name, $value = $_ -split '=', 2
>> echo "`n>>> $name ~> $value"
>> Set-Content env:\"$name" $value
>> Get-ChildItem Env:\"$name"
>> }
>>> TEST_A ~> aa
Name Value
---- -----
TEST_A aa
>>> TEST_B ~> bb
TEST_B bb
```
### tricky
#### [create symbolic or hard link](https://superuser.com/a/1136369/112396)
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [mklink](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mklink)
```batch
> mklink /d c:\Users\marslo\pbustor \\dc1engcifs.sample.com\pbu_sdk_stor
symbolic link created for c:\Users\marslo\pbustor <<===>> \\dc1engcifs.sample.com\pbu_sdk_stor
```
* remote link
```batch
> rmdir c:\Users\marslo\pbustor
```
#### enable LongPaths in windows
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [Maximum Path Length Limitation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/maximum-file-path-limitation?tabs=registry)
> * The maximum path of 32,767 characters is approximate
> * [GetVolumeInformationA function](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-getvolumeinformationa)
> * [How to Make Windows 10 Accept File Paths Over 260 Characters](https://www.howtogeek.com/266621/how-to-make-windows-10-accept-file-paths-over-260-characters/)
> * [Enabling Windows Long Path (Windows 10 - 1803 build)](https://www.microfocus.com/documentation/filr/filr-4/filr-desktop/t47bx2ogpfz7.html)
* regedit
```batch
> REG ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem" /v LongPathsEnabled /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00000001 /f
```
* powershell
```powershell
> New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem" -Name "LongPathsEnabled" -Value 1 -PropertyType DWORD -Force
```
* gpedit.msc
* **Local Group Policy Editor** -> **Computer Configuration** -> **Administrative Templates** -> **System** > **Filesystem**
* **Enable win32 long paths** -> **Enabled**
#### [Internet Explorer Enhanced Security Configuration is enabled](https://blog.blksthl.com/2012/11/28/how-to-disable-ie-enhanced-security-in-windows-server-2012/)
#### [powershell plugins](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/439437013)
```powershell
# 1. 安装 PSReadline 包，该插件可以让命令行很好用，类似 zsh
> Install-Module -Name PSReadLine -Scope CurrentUser -Force
# 2. 安装 posh-git 包，让你的 git 更好用
> Install-Module posh-git -Scope CurrentUser
# 3. 安装 oh-my-posh 包，让你的命令行更酷炫、优雅
> Install-Module oh-my-posh -Scope CurrentUser
```
#### [openssh for windows](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_install_firstuse?tabs=powershell)
> \[!TIP|label:references:]
>
> * [\* Get started with OpenSSH for Windows](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_install_firstuse?tabs=powershell)
> * [OpenSSH for Windows overview](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_overview?source=recommendations)
> * [OpenSSH Server configuration for Windows Server and Windows](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_server_configuration?source=recommendations)
> * [Tutorial: SSH in Windows Terminal](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/tutorials/ssh?source=recommendations)
> * [\[Solved\] Add-WindowsCapability failed. Error code = 0x800f0954 – RSAT Fix](https://thesysadminchannel.com/solved-add-windowscapability-failed-error-code-0x800f0954-rsat-fix/)
> * [Installing and Configuring OpenSSH on Windows Server 2019](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/itops-talk-blog/installing-and-configuring-openssh-on-windows-server-2019/ba-p/309540)
> * [owerShell/Win32-OpenSSH](https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH)
> * [Install Win32 OpenSSH](https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/wiki/Install-Win32-OpenSSH)
* pre-check
```powershell
# verify whehter if running as Administrator
> (New-Object Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal([Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent())).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)
True
> Get-Command -Noun WindowsCapability
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Cmdlet Add-WindowsCapability 3.0 Dism
Cmdlet Get-WindowsCapability 3.0 Dism
Cmdlet Remove-WindowsCapability 3.0 Dism
```
* check openssh versions
```powershell
> Get-WindowsCapability -Online | Where-Object Name -like 'OpenSSH*'
Name : OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
State : NotPresent
Name : OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
State : NotPresent
# or
> Get-WindowsCapability -Name OpenSSH* -Online
Name : OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
State : NotPresent
DisplayName : OpenSSH Client
Description : OpenSSH-based secure shell (SSH) client, for secure key management and access to remote
machines.
DownloadSize : 1323493
InstallSize : 5301402
Name : OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
State : NotPresent
DisplayName : OpenSSH Server
Description : OpenSSH-based secure shell (SSH) server, for secure key management and access from remote
machines.
DownloadSize : 1297677
InstallSize : 4946932
```
* install client and server
```powershell
> Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
> Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
# or via dism ( Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool )
> dism /online /Add-Capability /CapabilityName:OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 10.0.19041.3570
Image Version: 10.0.19044.3570
[==========================100.0%==========================]
The operation completed successfully.
> dism /online /Add-Capability /CapabilityName:OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
```
* install for windows 2019
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [windows-dev-guide/install.ps1](https://github.com/rkitover/windows-dev-guide/blob/94fb6faa4c86055ee5b135a10a3556ada2e695f2/install.ps1)
>
> ```powershell
> > choco install -y openssh --prerelease --force --params '/SSHServerFeature /PathSpecsToProbeForShellEXEString:$env:programfiles\PowerShell\*\pwsh.exe'
> > Import-Module -force (resolve-path /prog*s/openssh*/opensshutils.psd1)
> > Repair-AuthorizedKeyPermission -file ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
> > Icacls authorized_keys /remove “NT SERVICE\sshd”
> ```
```powershell
> Install-Module -Force OpenSSHUtils -Scope AllUsers
> Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass
> Iwr https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1 -UseBasicParsing | iex
> choco install nano -y
# start services
> Set-Service -Name ssh-agent -StartupType ‘Automatic’
> Set-Service -Name sshd -StartupType ‘Automatic’
> Start-Service ssh-agent
> Start-Service sshd
```
* error `0x800f0954`:
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * `UseWUServer`
>
> ```powershell
> > Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU -Name UseWUServer
> UseWUServer : 1
> PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU
> PSParentPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate
> PSChildName : AU
> PSDrive : HKLM
> PSProvider : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry
> ```
> > Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU -Name UseWUServer 1
>
> ## or
>
> > REG query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU NoAutoUpdate REG\_DWORD 0x0 AUOptions REG\_DWORD 0x3 ScheduledInstallDay REG\_DWORD 0x0 ScheduledInstallTime REG\_DWORD 0x3 NoAutoRebootWithLoggedOnUsers REG\_DWORD 0x1 DetectionFrequencyEnabled REG\_DWORD 0x1 DetectionFrequency REG\_DWORD 0x16 UseWUServer REG\_DWORD 0x1
>
> > REG query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU /v UseWUServer HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU UseWUServer REG\_DWORD 0x1
>
> ````
> - `DisableWindowsUpdateAccess`:
> ```powershell
> > Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\ -Name DisableWindowsUpdateAccess
> DisableWindowsUpdateAccess : 1
> PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUp
> date\
> PSParentPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows
> PSChildName : WindowsUpdate
> PSDrive : HKLM
> PSProvider : Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Registry
>
> > Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\ -Name DisableWindowsUpdateAccess
> 1
>
> # or
> > REG query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\
> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate
> DisableWindowsUpdateAccess REG_DWORD 0x1
> TargetGroupEnabled REG_DWORD 0x1
> TargetGroup REG_SZ SC_Servers
> WUServer REG_SZ http://msi-wsus03.sample.com
> WUStatusServer REG_SZ http://msi-wsus03.sample.com
> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU
>
> > REG query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\ /v DisableWindowsUpdateAccess
> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate
> DisableWindowsUpdateAccess REG_DWORD 0x1
> ````
```powershell
# set Windows Update Server Key to 0
> Set-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU -Name UseWUServer -Value 0
# Set Disable Windows Update Access to 0
> Set-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\ -Name DisableWindowsUpdateAccess -Value 0
# restart Windows Update Service
> Restart-Service -Name wuauserv -Force
```
* or full process
```powershell
# get defautl values
> $currentWU = Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" -Name "UseWUServer"
> $currentWUAccess = Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate" -Name "DisableWindowsUpdateAccess"
# set Windows Update Server Key to 0
> Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" -Name "UseWUServer" -Value 0
# set Disable Windows Update Access to 0
> Set-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate -Name DisableWindowsUpdateAccess -Value 0
# restart Windows Update Service ( wuauserv )
> Restart-Service wuauserv
# or
> Restart-Service -Name wuauserv -Force
# install
> Get-WindowsCapability -Name OpenSSH* -Online | Add-WindowsCapability –Online
# or
> dism /online /Add-Capability /CapabilityName:OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
> dism /online /Add-Capability /CapabilityName:OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
# or
> Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
> Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
# revert
> Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" -Name "UseWUServer" -Value $currentWU
> Set-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate -Name DisableWindowsUpdateAccess -Value $currentWUAccess
> Restart-Service wuauserv
# or
> Restart-Service -Name wuauserv -Force
```
* update help
```powershell
> Update-Help
```
* [install in win10-64](https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/wiki/Install-Win32-OpenSSH)
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [\* provision.ps1](https://github.com/pymor/conda-forge-windows-vagrant-builder/blob/3d00a653d2172977b0520a37d7d0bd940262555d/basebox/provision.ps1)
> * [ssh-pubkey.ps1](https://github.com/y0rune/webi-installers/blob/e5685b902576c50549a9eb32d24d0d82bf0f6948/ssh-pubkey/ssh-pubkey.ps1)
> * [Static-Binaries/openssh/INFO.md](https://github.com/Azathothas/Static-Binaries/blob/637bafdd49b9ceb922c105f70d99cc43f09898d4/openssh/INFO.md)
>
> ```powershell
> > curl -qfSLO "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azathothas/Static-Binaries/main/openssh/openssh_amd_x86_Windows.msi"
> > curl -qfSLO "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azathothas/Static-Binaries/main/openssh/openssh_amd_x86_Windows.zip"
> # or
>
> > Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azathothas/Static-Binaries/main/openssh/openssh_amd_x86_Windows.msi" -OutFile "openssh.msi"
> > Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azathothas/Static-Binaries/main/openssh/openssh_amd_x86_Windows.zip" -OutFile "openssh.zip"
> > msiexec /i openssh.msi
> > msiexec /i openssh.msi /l*vx install.log
> ```
* download [OpenSSH-Win64.zip](https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases/download/v9.4.0.0p1-Beta/OpenSSH-Win64.zip)
* extract to `c:\Program Files\OpenSSH-Win32`
* execute as admin
```powershell
cd "c:\Program Files\OpenSSH-Win32"
powershell -executionpolicy bypass
.\install-sshd.ps1
.\ssh-keygen.exe -A
Start-Service ssh-agent
.\ssh-add ssh_host_dsa_key
.\ssh-add ssh_host_rsa_key
.\ssh-add ssh_host_ecdsa_key
.\ssh-add ssh_host_ed25519_key
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="SSH Port" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=22
.\install-sshlsa.ps1
Set-Service sshd -StartupType Automatic
Set-Service ssh-agent -StartupType Automatic
.\FixHostFilePermissions.ps1 -Confirm:$false
.\FixUserFilePermissions.ps1 -Confirm:$false
Start-Service sshd
```
* start services
```powershell
# Start the sshd service
> Start-Service sshd
> Start-Service ssh-agent
# OPTIONAL but recommended:
> Set-Service -Name sshd -StartupType 'Automatic'
> Set-Service -Name ssh-agent -StartupType 'Automatic'
# confirm the firewall rule is configured. it should be created automatically by setup. run the following to verify
> if (!(Get-NetFirewallRule -Name "OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object Name, Enabled)) {
Write-Output "Firewall Rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' does not exist, creating it..."
New-NetFirewallRule -Name 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' -DisplayName 'OpenSSH Server (sshd)' -Enabled True -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -Action Allow -LocalPort 22
} else {
Write-Output "Firewall rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' has been created and exists."
}
```
* verify
```powershell
> Get-Service *ssh* | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Running"}
Status Name DisplayName
------ ---- -----------
Running sshd OpenSSH SSH Server
```
* connect via ssh
```powershell
> ssh domain\username@servername
# in wsl
$ ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=password -o PubkeyAuthentication=no marslo@server.sample.com
marslo@dc5-ssdfw14's password:
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Clink v1.3.47.d5796b
Copyright (c) 2012-2018 Martin Ridgers
Portions Copyright (c) 2020-2022 Christopher Antos
https://github.com/chrisant996/clink
Clink v1.5.18 is available.
- To apply the update, run 'clink update'.
- To stop checking for updates, run 'clink set clink.autoupdate false'.
- To view the release notes, visit the Releases page:
https://github.com/chrisant996/clink/releases
DOMAIN\marslo@SERVER.SAMPLE.COM C:\Users\marslo>
```
* ssh key
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [Windows SSH: Permissions for 'private-key' are too open](https://superuser.com/q/1296024/112396)
> * [Key-based authentication in OpenSSH for Windows](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_keymanagement)
> * [Setting up SSH-Agent in Windows for Passwordless Git Authentication](https://interworks.com/blog/2021/09/15/setting-up-ssh-agent-in-windows-for-passwordless-git-authentication/)
> * [SSH\_AUTH\_SOCK and wsl-ssh-pageant.exe --winssh ssh-pageant](https://superuser.com/a/1595998/112396)
> * [Comprehensive Guide to ssh-agent on Windows and WSL](https://medium.com/@wondrous_oxblood_cheetah_508/ssh-agent-on-windows-c74b90fb2e31)
* generate keys
```powershell
> ssh-keygen -t ed25519
# By default the ssh-agent service is disabled. Configure it to start automatically.
# Make sure you're running as an Administrator.
> Get-Service ssh-agent | Set-Service -StartupType Automatic
# Start the service
> Start-Service ssh-agent
# This should return a status of Running
> Get-Service ssh-agent
# Now load your key files into ssh-agent
> ssh-add $env:USERPROFILE\.ssh\id_ed25519
```
* standard user
```powershell
# Get the public key file generated previously on your client
> $authorizedKey = Get-Content -Path $env:USERPROFILE\.ssh\id_ed25519.pub
# Generate the PowerShell to be run remote that will copy the public key file generated previously on your client to the authorized_keys file on your server
> $remotePowershell = "powershell New-Item -Force -ItemType Directory -Path $env:USERPROFILE\.ssh; Add-Content -Force -Path $env:USERPROFILE\.ssh\authorized_keys -Value '$authorizedKey'"
# Connect to your server and run the PowerShell using the $remotePowerShell variable
> ssh username@domain1@contoso.com $remotePowershell
```
* administrative user
> \[!NOTE] This example shows the steps for creating the `administrators_authorized_keys` file. This only applies to administrator accounts and must be user instead of the per user file within the user's profile location.
>
> * [AuthorizedKeysFile](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_server_configuration#authorizedkeysfile)
> * [GSSAPIAuthentication](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_server_configuration#gssapiauthentication)
```powershell
# get the public key file generated previously on your client
$authorizedKey = Get-Content -Path $env:USERPROFILE\.ssh\id_ed25519.pub
# generate the powershell to be run remote that will copy the public key file generated previously on your client to the authorized_keys file on your server
$remotePowershell = "powershell Add-Content -Force -Path $env:ProgramData\ssh\administrators_authorized_keys -Value '$authorizedKey';icacls.exe ""$env:ProgramData\ssh\administrators_authorized_keys"" /inheritance:r /grant ""Administrators:F"" /grant ""SYSTEM:F"""
# Connect to your server and run the PowerShell using the $remotePowerShell variable
ssh username@domain1@contoso.com $remotePowershell
> icacls.exe "C:\ProgramData\ssh\administrators_authorized_keys" /inheritance:r /grant "Administrators:F" /grant "SYSTEM:F"
```
* troubleshooting
> \[!NOTE] Permissions for '/path/to/private/key' are too open
>
> * [FixHostFilePermissions.ps1](https://github.com/PowerShell/openssh-portable/blob/cb23f0d9c0f4d40edbc2863419dcff40ebd5e0a6/contrib/win32/openssh/FixHostFilePermissions.ps1)
> * [FixUserFilePermissions.ps1](https://github.com/PowerShell/openssh-portable/blob/cb23f0d9c0f4d40edbc2863419dcff40ebd5e0a6/contrib/win32/openssh/FixUserFilePermissions.ps1)
```batch
REM run as normal user
> icacls private-key /inheritance:r
> icacls private-key /grant:r "%username%":"(R)"
```
* [more details](https://superuser.com/a/1329702/112396)
* cmd
```batch
::# Set Key File Variable:
Set Key="%UserProfile%\.ssh\id_rsa"
::# Remove Inheritance:
Icacls %Key% /c /t /Inheritance:d
::# Set Ownership to Owner:
:: # Key's within %UserProfile%:
Icacls %Key% /c /t /Grant %UserName%:F
:: # Key's outside of %UserProfile%:
TakeOwn /F %Key%
Icacls %Key% /c /t /Grant:r %UserName%:F
::# Remove All Users, except for Owner:
Icacls %Key% /c /t /Remove:g "Authenticated Users" BUILTIN\Administrators BUILTIN Everyone System Users
::# Verify:
Icacls %Key%
::# Remove Variable:
set "Key="
```
* powershell
```powershell
# Set Key File Variable:
New-Variable -Name Key -Value "$env:UserProfile\.ssh\id_rsa"
# Remove Inheritance:
Icacls $Key /c /t /Inheritance:d
# Set Ownership to Owner:
# Key's within $env:UserProfile:
Icacls $Key /c /t /Grant ${env:UserName}:F
# Key's outside of $env:UserProfile:
TakeOwn /F $Key
Icacls $Key /c /t /Grant:r ${env:UserName}:F
# Remove All Users, except for Owner:
Icacls $Key /c /t /Remove:g Administrator "Authenticated Users" BUILTIN\Administrators BUILTIN Everyone System Users
# Verify:
Icacls $Key
# Remove Variable:
Remove-Variable -Name Key
```
* [or](https://superuser.com/a/1598490/112396)
```powershell
> cat ~\.ssh\example-key.ecdsa | ssh-add -k -
```
* [or](https://superuser.com/a/1488937/112396)
```powershell
# do the following in powerhsell if not already done
# Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
# NOTE: edit the path in this command if needed
$sshFiles=Get-ChildItem -Path "$env:userprofile\.ssh" -Force
$sshFiles | % {
$key = $_
& icacls $key /c /t /inheritance:d
& icacls $key /c /t /grant "${echo $env:username}":F
& icacls $key /c /t /remove Administrator "Authenticated Users" BUILTIN\Administrators BUILTIN Everyone System Users
}
# verify
$sshFiles | % {
icacls $_
}
```
* uninstall
```powershell
# uninstall the OpenSSH Client
> Remove-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
# uninstall the OpenSSH Server
> Remove-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
```
### mount
#### NFS
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [Turning a folder into a drive letter](https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/all/turning-a-folder-into-a-drive-letter/13b42aa7-1ea8-43ba-90f7-751eb10deaa7)
>
> ```batch
> > SUBST W: C:\Users\Public\Documents
> ```
> * [How to Mount and Unmount a Drive or Volume in Windows](https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/158668-how-mount-unmount-drive-volume-windows.html)
**change the diver letter**
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [How to Change and Assign Drive Letter in Windows 10](https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/79064-change-assign-drive-letter-windows-10-a.html)
```batch
> diskpart
DISKPART> list volume
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 C NTFS Partition 300 GB Healthy Boot
Volume 1 D NTFS Partition 5064 GB Healthy Pagefile
Volume 2 NTFS Partition 499 MB Healthy Hidden
Volume 3 FAT32 Partition 99 MB Healthy System
Volume 4 Z Removable 0 B No Media
DISKPART> select volume 4
Volume 4 is the selected volume.
DISKPART> assign letter=H
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> list volume
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 C NTFS Partition 300 GB Healthy Boot
Volume 1 D NTFS Partition 5064 GB Healthy Pagefile
Volume 2 NTFS Partition 499 MB Healthy Hidden
Volume 3 FAT32 Partition 99 MB Healthy System
* Volume 4 H Removable 0 B No Media
DISKPART> exit
Leaving DiskPart...
```
#### iso
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [How to Mount or Unmount ISO and IMG Files in Windows 10](https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/3579-mount-unmount-iso-img-file-windows-10-a.html)
```powershell
# mount
> Mount-DiskImage -ImagePath "Full path of ISO or IMG file"
# umount
> Dismount-DiskImage -DevicePath \\.\:
# or
> Dismount-DiskImage -ImagePath "Full path of ISO or IMG file"
```
* or
```batch
REM mount
> PowerShell Mount-DiskImage -ImagePath """Full path of ISO or IMG file"""
REM umount
> PowerShell Dismount-DiskImage -DevicePath \\.\: >nul
REM or
> PowerShell Dismount-DiskImage -DevicePath \\.\:
REM or
> PowerShell Dismount-DiskImage -ImagePath """Full path of ISO or IMG file"""
REM i.e.:
> PowerShell Mount-DiskImage -ImagePath "G:\Win10_1903_V1_English_x64.iso"
```
#### VHD or VHDX
> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [How to Mount or Unmount VHD and VHDX File in Windows 10](https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/61391-mount-unmount-vhd-vhdx-file-windows-10-a.html)
```powershell
> Mount-VHD -Path "Full path of .vhd or .vhdx file"
# i.e.:
> Mount-VHD -Path "C:\Users\Brink\Desktop\Non-Insider W10.vhdx"
# umount
> Dismount-VHD -DiskNumber <#>
# i.e.:
> Dismount-VHD -DiskNumber 2
# or umount from path
> Dismount-VHD -Path "Full path of .vhd or .vhdx file"
# i.e.:
> Dismount-VHD -Path "C:\Users\Brink\Desktop\Non-Insider W10.vhdx"
```
* check
```batch
> diskpart
DISKPART> list vdisk
DISKPART> exit
```
### troubleshooting
#### `Error code = 0x800f0954`
> \[!NOTE]
>
> * [\[Solved\] Add-WindowsCapability failed. Error code = 0x800f0954 – RSAT Fix](https://thesysadminchannel.com/solved-add-windowscapability-failed-error-code-0x800f0954-rsat-fix/)
> * [Fix: RSAT Tools Installation Error 0x800f0954 on Windows](https://www.prajwaldesai.com/rsat-tools-installation-error-0x800f0954/)
> * [How can I utilize the Add-WindowsCapability function through a proxy in PowerShell?](https://stackoverflow.com/a/74947737/2940319)
> * [RSAT and WSUS Locations](https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/2166885-rsat-and-wsus-locations#entry-8149857)
* via `gpedit.msc`
* win + r -> `gpedit.msc`
* `Computer Configuration` -> `Administrative Templates` -> `System`
* `Specify settings for optional component installation and component repair`
* Enable
* Enable: Download repair content and optional features directly from Windows update instead of Windows Server Update Services ( WSUS )
* cmd run
```powershell
> gpupdate /force
```
* verify
```powershell
> Get-WindowsCapability -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0 -Online | Add-WindowsCapability -Online
# for rast
> Get-WindowsCapability -Name Rsat.ActiveDirectory.DS-LDS.Tools~~~0.0.1.0 -Online | Add-WindowsCapability -Online
```
* via `wuauserv`
> \[!NOTE|label:references]
>
> * [Error Code 0x800F0954 on Windows 10](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/112308/error-code-0x800f0954-on-windows-10)
> * [Windows 10 - 1809 - RSAT Toolset - error code of 0x800f0954](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/42bfdd6e-f191-4813-9142-5c86a2797c53/windows-10-1809-rsat-toolset-error-code-of-0x800f0954?forum=win10itprogeneral)
```powershell
$currentWU = Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" -Name "UseWUServer"
Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" -Name "UseWUServer" -Value 0
Restart-Service wuauserv
# install
Get-WindowsCapability -Name OpenSSH* -Online | Add-WindowsCapability –Online
Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" -Name "UseWUServer" -Value $currentWU
Restart-Service wuauserv
```
* or
```powershell
$currentWU = Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" -Name "UseWUServer"
$currentWUAccess = Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path "HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate" -Name "DisableWindowsUpdateAccess"
Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" -Name "UseWUServer" -Value 0
Restart-Service wuauserv
# install
Get-WindowsCapability -Name OpenSSH* -Online | Add-WindowsCapability –Online
Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" -Name "UseWUServer" -Value $currentWU
Set-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate -Name DisableWindowsUpdateAccess -Value $currentWUAccess
Restart-Service wuauserv
```