config

references:

installation

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • ubuntu

    $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install git

from source

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • dependencies

    [!NOTE|label:references:]

    • git-core

      # debian
$ sudo apt install -y dh-autoreconf libexpat1-dev gettext libz-dev libssl-dev
$ sudo apt install -y libcurl4-openssl-dev
$ sudo apt install -y libcurl4-gnutls-dev

# centos/rhel
$ sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools
$ sudo dnf install epel-release epel-next-release
$ sudo dnf install -y dh-autoreconf libcurl-devel curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel perl-devel zlib-devel

# osx
$ brew install gcc autoconf automake openssl@3 expat gettext zlib libtool libiconv ncurses
$ brew install perl
$ sudo PERL_MM_OPT="INSTALL_BASE=$HOME/perl5" cpan local::lib
$ eval "$(sudo perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/perl5)"

    • git-doc

      # debian
$ sudo apt install -y asciidoc xmlto docbook2x hunspell libhunspell-dev

# centos/rhel
$ sudo dnf install -y asciidoc xmlto docbook2X docbook-style-xsl
# or
$ sudo dnf install -y --enablerepo=*epel* docbook2X
$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/db2x_docbook2texi /usr/bin/docbook2x-texi

# osx
$ brew install asciidoc xmlto docbook2x docbook-xsl hunspell
$ ln -sf /usr/local/bin/docbook2texi /usr/local/bin/docbook2x-texi

    • git-info

      # debian
$ sudo apt install -y install-info

# centos/rhel
$ sudo dnf install -y util-linux
# deprecated
$ sudo dnf install -y getopt

# osx
$ brew install gnu-getopt

    • others

      # audio output
$ apt install libao-dev

# centos
$ sudo dnf install -y libao libao-devel

# osx
$ brew install libao

  • install

    [!NOTE|label:release package:]

    $ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.42.0.tar.gz |
       tar -zxf -C ${iRCHOME}/utils/git &&
  cd ${iRCHOME}/utils/git

$ make configure
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-shell=/usr/local/bin/bash
$ make -j all doc info
$ sudo make install install-doc install-html install-info

# additional
$ chmod +x ${iRCHOME}/utils/git/contrib/completion/*
$ sudo ln -sf ${iRCHOME}/utils/git/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh       /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-prompt.sh
$ sudo ln -sf ${iRCHOME}/utils/git/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/git
# or
$ sudo ln -sf ${iRCHOME}/utils/git/contrib/completion/*                   /usr/share/doc/git/contrib/completion/
$ sudo ln -sf ${iRCHOME}/utils/git/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/git

    • result

      # git-for-windows
$ git --version
git version 2.42.0.windows.2.5.g49aad3ca52

# git
$ git --version
git version 2.42.0.325.g3a06386e31

    • pacakges:

      [!TIP|label:check apt package bin path without install:]

      $ sudo apt-file list git

      • bins : /usr/local/bin

      • git-core : /usr/local/libexec/git-core or $ git --exec-path

      • diff-highlight : /usr/share/doc/git/contrib/diff-highlight/diff-highlight

      • git-prompt.sh : /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-prompt.sh

      • git-completion : /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/git

      • git-info : /usr/local/share/info

    bindir=$(cd '/usr/local/bin' && pwd) && \
execdir=$(cd '/usr/local/libexec/git-core' && pwd) && \
destdir_from_execdir_SQ=$(echo 'libexec/git-core' | sed -e 's|[^/][^/]*|..|g') && \
{ test "$bindir/" = "$execdir/" || \
  for p in git scalar git-shell git-cvsserver; do \
        rm -f "$execdir/$p" && \
        test -n "" && \
        ln -s "$destdir_from_execdir_SQ/bin/$p" "$execdir/$p" || \
        { test -z "" && \
          ln "$bindir/$p" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \
          cp "$bindir/$p" "$execdir/$p" || exit; } \
  done; \
} && \
for p in git-receive-pack git-upload-archive git-upload-pack; do \
        rm -f "$bindir/$p" && \
        test -n "" && \
        ln -s "git" "$bindir/$p" || \
        { test -z "" && \
          ln "$bindir/git" "$bindir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \
          ln -s "git" "$bindir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \
          cp "$bindir/git" "$bindir/$p" || exit; }; \
done && \
for p in git-add git-am git-annotate git-apply git-archive git-bisect git-blame git-branch git-bugreport git-bundle git-cat-file git-check-attr git-check-ignore git-check-mailmap git-check-ref-format git-checkout--worker git-checkout-index git-checkout git-clean git-clone git-column git-commit-graph git-commit-tree git-commit git-config git-count-objects git-credential-cache--daemon git-credential-cache git-credential-store git-credential git-describe git-diagnose git-diff-files git-diff-index git-diff-tree git-diff git-difftool git-fast-export git-fast-import git-fetch-pack git-fetch git-fmt-merge-msg git-for-each-ref git-for-each-repo git-fsck git-fsmonitor--daemon git-gc git-get-tar-commit-id git-grep git-hash-object git-help git-hook git-index-pack git-init-db git-interpret-trailers git-log git-ls-files git-ls-remote git-ls-tree git-mailinfo git-mailsplit git-merge-base git-merge-file git-merge-index git-merge-ours git-merge-recursive git-merge-tree git-merge git-mktag git-mktree git-multi-pack-index git-mv git-name-rev git-notes git-pack-objects git-pack-redundant git-pack-refs git-patch-id git-prune-packed git-prune git-pull git-push git-range-diff git-read-tree git-rebase git-receive-pack git-reflog git-remote-ext git-remote-fd git-remote git-repack git-replace git-rerere git-reset git-rev-list git-rev-parse git-revert git-rm git-send-pack git-shortlog git-show-branch git-show-index git-show-ref git-sparse-checkout git-stash git-stripspace git-submodule--helper git-symbolic-ref git-tag git-unpack-file git-unpack-objects git-update-index git-update-ref git-update-server-info git-upload-archive git-upload-pack git-var git-verify-commit git-verify-pack git-verify-tag git-worktree git-write-tree git-cherry git-cherry-pick git-format-patch git-fsck-objects git-init git-maintenance git-merge-subtree git-restore git-show git-stage git-status git-switch git-version git-whatchanged; do \
        rm -f "$execdir/$p" && \
        if test -z ""; \
        then \
                test -n "" && \
                ln -s "$destdir_from_execdir_SQ/bin/git" "$execdir/$p" || \
                { test -z "" && \
                  ln "$execdir/git" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \
                  ln -s "git" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \
                  cp "$execdir/git" "$execdir/$p" || exit; }; \
        fi \
done && \
remote_curl_aliases="git-remote-https git-remote-ftp git-remote-ftps" && \
for p in $remote_curl_aliases; do \
        rm -f "$execdir/$p" && \
        test -n "" && \
        ln -s "git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" || \
        { test -z "" && \
          ln "$execdir/git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \
          ln -s "git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \
          cp "$execdir/git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" || exit; } \
done
install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/share/man/man3'
(cd perl/build/man/man3 && tar cf - .) | \
(cd '/usr/local/share/man/man3' && umask 022 && tar xof -)

location

[!NOTE|label:locations]

SCOPE
WINDOWS
UNIX-LIKE

system

<GIT_DIR>\etc\gitconfig

<GIT_DIR>/etc/gitconfig

system example

%LOCALAPPDATA%\Programs\Git\etc\gitconfig

/usr/local/etc/gitconfig

global

%USERPROFILE%\.gitconfig

$HOME/.gitconfig

local

<git-repo>\.git\config

<git-repo>/.git/config

portable

%PROGRAMDATA%\Git\config

-

get locations

  • windows

      > git config --list --show-origin --name-only | sed -r 's/^file:(.+)\s+.*$/\1/g' | sort.exe /unique
  REM or
  > git config --list --show-origin --name-only | sed -r 's/^file:(.+)\s+.*$/\1/g' | powershell -nop "$input | sort -unique"
  REM or
  > git config --list --show-origin --name-only | sed -r 's/^file:(.+)\s+.*$/\1/g' | powershell -nop "$input | Sort-Object -unique"
  .git/config
  C:/Users/marslo/.gitconfig
  C:/Users/marslo/AppData/Local/Programs/Git/etc/gitconfig

  • osx

    $ git config --list --show-origin --name-only | awk -F'[:[:blank:]]' '{print $2}' | sort -u
.git/config
/Users/marslo/.gitconfig
/Users/marslo/.marslo/.gitalias
/usr/local/etc/gitconfig

  • edit config file

    $ git config --edit --system
$ git config --edit --global

# or
$ sudo git -c core.editor=ls\ -al config --system --edit

list

  • list all with scope

    $ git config --list --show-scope
system  credential.helper=osxkeychain
system  core.ignorecase=false
system  filter.lfs.clean=git-lfs clean -- %f

  • list origin

    $ git config --list --show-origin --show-scope
system  file:/usr/local/etc/gitconfig credential.helper=osxkeychain
system  file:/usr/local/etc/gitconfig core.ignorecase=false
system  file:/usr/local/etc/gitconfig filter.lfs.clean=git-lfs clean -- %f

  • list single scope only

    • list local only

      $ git config --list --local
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.bare=false

    • list global

      $ git config --list --global
user.name=marslo
user.email=marslo@gmail.com
push.default=matching

    • list system

      $ git config --list --system
credential.helper=osxkeychain
core.ignorecase=false
filter.lfs.clean=git-lfs clean -- %f
filter.lfs.smudge=git-lfs smudge -- %f
filter.lfs.process=git-lfs filter-process
filter.lfs.required=true

get from all configure

$ git config --show-origin --show-scope --get-all user.name
global   file:/Users/marslo/.gitconfig   marslo
local    file:.git/config    marslo

colors

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • configure:

    [!NOTE|label:references:]

    • color.branch.<slot>:

      • current, local, remote, upstream, plain

    • color.diff.<slot>:

      • context, meta, frag, old, new, plain, commit, whitespace,

      • oldMoved, newMoved, oldMovedDimmed, newMovedDimmed, oldMovedAlternative, newMovedAlternative, oldMovedAlternativeDimmed, newMovedAlternativeDimmed

      • contextDimmed, oldDimmed, newDimmed, contextBold, oldBold, newBold

    • color.decorate.<slot>:

      • branch, remoteBranch, tag, stash, HEAD

    • color.grep.<slot>

      • context, filename, function, lineNumber, match, matchContext, matchSelected, selected, separator

    • color.interactive.<slot>:

      • prompt, header, help, error

    • color.status.<slot>:

      • added, updated, changed, untracked, branch, nobranch, localBranch, remoteBranch, unmerged

    • color.remote.<slot>:

      • hint, warning, success, error

    • color.grep.<slot>:

      • context, filename, function, lineNumber, column, match, matchContext, matchSelected, selected, separator

  • list color.* config

    $ git config --get-regexp color.*

  • test colors

    [!TIP|label:see also:]

    $ echo $(git config --get-color "" "120 bold reverse") color test $(git config --get-color "" reset)

# i.e.:
#                                    ╭─ 256 color code
#                                   ---
$ echo $(git config --get-color "" "120 bold italic") color test $(git config --get-color "" reset)| command cat -A
^[[1;3;38;5;120m color test ^[[m$
#           ---
#            ╰─ 256 color code

# with 24bit hex
#                                    ╭─ R(decimal)     : 104 : `$ echo -n "obase=10;ibase=16; 68" | bc`
#                                    --╭─ G(decimal)   : 157 : `$ echo -n "obase=10;ibase=16; 9D" | bc`
#                                      --╭─ B(decimal) : 106 : `$ echo -n "obase=10;ibase=16; 6A" | bc`
#                                        --
$ echo $(git config --get-color "" "#689d6a italic") color test $(git config --get-color "" reset) | command cat -A
^[[3;38;2;104;157;106m color test ^[[m$
#  -      --- --- ---
#  ╵       R   G   B
#  ╰─ SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) parameters ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code ):
#         0 reset/normal; 1 bold; 2 dim/faint; 3 italic; 4 underline; 5 blink; 7 reverse; 8 hidden

# [or](https://stackoverflow.com/a/18304605/2940319)
$ remote_branch_color="$(git config --get-color color.branch.remote white)"
$ echo "pushing to ${remote_branch_color} <branch name here> $(tput sgr0)"
$ echo "pushing to ${remote_branch_color} <branch name here> $(tput sgr0)" | command cat -A
pushing to ^[[2;3;38;5;213m <branch name here> ^[(B^[[m$

  • trueHexPrint()

    trueHexPrint () {
  # Generates Truecolor Escape Sequences from Hex Strings. (remove '\\' to use)
  # -fg     Prints as a foreground color. (default)
  # -bg     Prints as a background color.
  # usage) `trueHexPrint -fg "11001A" ==> '\e[38;2;17;0;26m'
  # usage) `trueHexPrint -bg "11001A" ==> '\e[48;2;17;0;26m'
  if [[ ${1} =~ "-fg" || ${1} =~ "-f" ]]; then
    fgbg=38; hexinput=${2};
  elif [[ ${1} =~ "-bg" || ${1} =~ "-b" ]]; then
    fgbg=48; hexinput=${2};
  else
    fgbg=38; hexinput=${1}
  fi
  hexinput=`echo ${hexinput} | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'`  # uppercase-ing
  hexinput=`echo ${hexinput} | tr -d '#'`               # remove Hash if needed
  a=`echo ${hexinput} | cut -c-2`
  b=`echo ${hexinput} | cut -c3-4`
  c=`echo ${hexinput} | cut -c5-6`
  r=`echo "ibase=16; ${a}" | bc`
  g=`echo "ibase=16; ${b}" | bc`
  b=`echo "ibase=16; ${c}" | bc`
  printf "\\\\e[${fgbg};2;${r};${g};${b}m" # Remove one set of '\\' to utilize
}

$ trueHexPrint "#689d6a"
\e[38;2;104;157;106m
$ echo -e "$(trueHexPrint "#689d6a") aa \e[0m"
 aa

gitconfig

help

  • autocorrect

    [!NOTE|label:references:]

    $ git config --global help.autocorrect immediate

# [y/N] ?
$ git config --global help.autocorrect prompt

# 2.0 seconds
$ git config --global help.autocorrect 20

credential

[!NOTE]

$ git config credential.helper store

# or
$ git remote set-url origin https://[TOKEN]@github.com/path/to/repo.git

TOKEN TYPE

GIT OPERATIONS (clone/push)

GIT LFS UPLOAD/DOWNLOAD

GITHUB ACTIONS (WORKFLOW)

semantic-release

GITHUB API (REST/GRAPHQL)

PRIVATE SUBMODULES

GITHUB CLI (GH)

NOTES

Fine-grained PAT

✓

✗ Fails (LFS lock verification denied)

✓

✓

✓

✗

⚠️ Partially supported

Secure and scoped, but limited in CLI/automation contexts like Git LFS

Classic PAT

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Recommended for CLI tools, LFS, CI/CD, automation, and broad API access

using specific PAT

  • include.path

    $ cat > /tmp/lfs-only-config <<EOF
[credential]
  helper = store --file=/Users/marslo/.marslo/.git-credentials-lfs
EOF

$ git -c include.path=/tmp/lfs-only-config lfs push origin HEAD

  • GIT_CREDENTIAL_HELPER

    $ cat > /tmp/classic-lfs-creds <<EOF
https://marslo:ghp_xxxxxxxx@github.com
EOF

$ GIT_CREDENTIAL_HELPER="store --file=/tmp/classic-lfs-creds" git push origin HEAD

  • GIT_ASKPASS and core.askPass

    # create file
$ cat ~/.git-askpass.sh
export GIT_USERNAME="marslo"
export GIT_PASSWORD="ghp_YourClassicPATGoesHere"
export GIT_ASKPASS="$(mktemp)"

cat > "${GIT_ASKPASS}" <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
case "\$1" in
  *Username*) echo "\$GIT_USERNAME" ;;
  *Password*) echo "\$GIT_PASSWORD" ;;
esac
EOF

chmod +x "${GIT_ASKPASS}"

# go to repo
$ source ~/.git-askpass.sh
$ git -c core.askPass="${GIT_ASKPASS}" push

# cleanup
$ rm "${GIT_ASKPASS}"
$ unset GIT_USERNAME GIT_PASSWORD GIT_ASKPASS

.git-credentials file keeping revert back

[!TIP|label:reason:]

  • in macOS, the osxkeychain helper is used by default, which stores credentials in the macOS Keychain. even if the .git-credentials file is manual updated, the osxkeychain helper will overwrite it with the credentials stored in the Keychain.

  • solutions:

  • completely disable the osxkeychain helper in global config

    $ git config --global --unset credential.helper osxkeychain

  • update the password in keychain

    # update the token
$ printf "protocol=https\nhost=github.com\nusername=${GITHUB_USER}\npassword=${GITHUB_TOKEN}\n\n" | git credential-osxkeychain store

# check the credential
$ printf "protocol=https\nhost=github.com\nusername=${GITHUB_USER}\n" | git credential-osxkeychain get

# erase the credential
$ printf "protocol=https\nhost=github.com\nusername=${GITHUB_USER}\n" | git credential-osxkeychain erase
$ git config --show-origin --get-all credential.helper
file:/opt/homebrew/etc/gitconfig osxkeychain
file:/Users/marslo/.gitconfig    store --file ~/.marslo/.git-credentials

# update the token in keychain
$ printf "protocol=https\nhost=github.com\nusername=${GITHUB_USER}\npassword=${GITHUB_TOKEN}\n\n" | git credential-osxkeychain store

git lfs

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • git-lfs not support Fine-grained Token (FGPAT) credential, reason:

  • git lfs is NOT push into the git repo, but push the LFS objects to the sepcific endpoint:

    https://github.com/<owner>/<repo>.git/info/lfs

  • the git-lfs will try to execute:

    • /locks/verify : require write access

    • /info/lfs/objects/batch (deploy LFS object) : require read/write access

    • have to use the token in Authorization: Basic header

  • but the Fine-grained Token (FGPAT) only support git push and git pull operations, not support the private API:

    • /info/lfs/objects/batch

    • /locks/verify

  • why Classic Token (PAT) works, since it will not restrict the access to endpoint:

  • repo scope: read/write access to code

  • write:packages scope: write access to packages

  • read:packages scope: read access to packages

  • references:

# -- install --
$ brew install git-lfs

# -- init in repo --
$ git lfs install

# -- manual merge hooks in repo --
$ git lfs update --manual
# -- setup the tracking --
$ git lfs track "LXGW-WenKai/mono/*.otf"

# -- remote the lfs objects --
$ git rm --cached LXGW-WenKai/mono/*.otf

# -- add and commit --
$ git add LXGW-WenKai/mono/*.otf .gitattributes
$ git commit -m 'fix: re-add .otf fonts with LFS hook active'

# -- check --
$ git lfs ls-files
35ea3bc707 * LXGW-WenKai/mono/LXGWWenKaiMonoNerdFontMono-Light.otf
843abcc10e * LXGW-WenKai/mono/LXGWWenKaiMonoNerdFontMono-Medium.otf
be05b21a74 * LXGW-WenKai/mono/LXGWWenKaiMonoNerdFontMono-Regular.otf

# -- push --
# using specific Classic Token (PAT) for git-lfs
$ git config lfs.url "https://marslo:ghp_xxx@github.com/marslo/fonts.git/info/lfs"
$ git push origin HEAD
# check
$ git config --get lfs.url
# - or -
# for git push
$ git -c lfs.url="https://marslo:ghp_xxxx@github.com/marslo/fonts.git/info/lfs" push origin HEAD
# for git lfs push
$ git -c lfs.url="https://marslo:ghp_xxxx@github.com/marslo/fonts.git/info/lfs" lfs push origin HEAD

tips

$ git lfs env
$ git lfs ls-files

environment failed to $ ssh -vT git@github.com -p 22

  1. using https instead of ssh first

    $ cat ~/.gitconfig
[url "https://github.com/"]
  insteadOf     = git@ssh.github.com:
[url "https://github.com/"]
  insteadOf     = git@github.com:

  2. setup credential

    $ git config --global credential.helper store

# or set the credential file in corss-platform
$ git config --global credential.helper 'store --file /path/to/.git-credentials'
$ git config --global credential.helper 'cache --timeout 30000'

  3. create the credential file

    $ git credential-store --file /path/to/.git-credentials store
protocol=https ⏎
host=github.com ⏎
username=marslo ⏎
password=ghp_***********************************N ⏎
⏎

# or
$ USERNAME='marslo'
$ PASSWORD='ghp_***********************************N'
$ echo -e "protocol=https\nhost=github.com\nusername=${USERNAME}\npassword=${PASSWORD}\n" |
       git credential-store --file /path/to/.git-credentials store

    • to read the credentials file

      $ git credential-store --file /path/to/.git-credentials get
protocol=https ⏎
host=github.com ⏎
⏎
# wil shows:
username=marslo
password=ghp_***********************************N

# or
$ echo -e 'protocol=https\nhost=github.com' |
       git credential-store --file /path/to/.git-credentials get
username=marslo
password=ghp_***********************************N

with GIT_USERNAME and GIT_ASKPASS

[!NOTE|label:references:]

[!TIP]

  • the git-lfs NOT support core.askPass. it use credential.helper only

  • via config

    [url "https://github.com/username"]
  insteadOf         = git@github.com:username
[credential "https://github.com/marslo"]
  username          = marslo
[credential "https://github.com/username"]
  username          = marslojiao-mvl
  helper            = "!f() { test \"$1\" = get && echo \"password=gh************************************vr\"; }; f"

  • via environment

    [!TIP]

    • GIT_ASKPASS must be a executable script

    $ export GIT_ASKPASS="$HOME/.git.askpass.sh"
# or
$ git config --global core.askPass "$HOME/.git.askpass.sh"
# or using in runtime
$ git -c core.askPass="$HOME/.git.askpass.sh" clone ...

$ cat ~/.git.askpass.sh
declare repoUrl="$(git remote get-url origin)"
declare pattern='.+github.com[:/]marslo/.+'

if [[ "${repoUrl}" =~ 'path/to/specific' ]]; then
  echo 'gh************************************vr'
elif [[ "${repoUrl}" =~ ${pattern} ]]; then
  echo 'gh************************************mx'
fi
$ chmod +x ~/.git.askpass.sh

    • GitUsernamePasswordBinding solution | JENKINS-56897

      GIT_ASKPASS=$(mktemp) && chmod a+rx $GIT_ASKPASS && export GIT_ASKPASS
cat > $GIT_ASKPASS <<< '#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
    Username*) exec echo "$JENKINS_CREDENTIALS_USR" ;;
    Password*) exec echo "$JENKINS_CREDENTIALS_PSW" ;;
esac
'

http.cookiefile

[!NOTE|label:references:]

# format
#     DOMAIN                    INCLUDE  PATH SECURE   EXPIRATION COOKIE                                      COOKIE VALUE
#       |                      SUBDOMAINS  |   ONLY        |      NAME         ACCOUNT                                                           TOKEN
#       v                           v      v    v          v       v       +---------------+    +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
.googlesource.com                  TRUE    /   TRUE    2147483647  o   git-account.gmail.com=1//0***************************-*****************-*******************************************-********A
# -- another fomat -- #
gerrit.googlesource.com           FALSE    /   TRUE    2147483647  o   git-account.gmail.com=1//0***************************-**********-***********************************************************k
gerrit-review.googlesource.com    FALSE    /   TRUE    2147483647  o   git-account.gmail.com=1//0***************************-**********-***********************************************************k

[!TIP|label:check expiration]

$ date -d @2147483647
Mon Jan 18 19:14:07 PST 2038
FIELD #
VALUE (EXAMPLE)
PURPOSE

1

.googlesource.com

Domain: target domain the cookie applies to (including subdomains)

2

TRUE

Include Subdomains: if TRUE, the cookie is sent to subdomains

3

/

Path: url path prefix the cookie is valid for

4

TRUE

Secure Only: if TRUE, cookie is only sent over HTTPS

5

2147483647

Expiration (Unix time): when the cookie expires (here: 2038-01-19)

6

o

Cookie Name: gerrit expects the cookie to be named o

7

git-account.gmail.com=...

Cookie Value: key-value pair used for authentication (username=token)

cookie value explaination

COMPONENT
EXAMPLE
DESCRIPTION

Username / Identifier

git-account.gmail.com

identity used by Gerrit

Authentication Token

1//0ABC...XYZ

oAuth-style or Gerrit token

Separator

=

separates identity from token

generate cookies

[!TIP|label:references:]

# windows
git config --global http.cookiefile "%USERPROFILE%\.gitcookies"
powershell -noprofile -nologo -command Write-Output ".googlesource.com`tTRUE`t/`tTRUE`t2147483647`to`tgit-account.gmail.com=1//0***************************-**********-**************************-**********-*********************o" >>"%USERPROFILE%\.gitcookies"
eval 'set +o history' 2>/dev/null || setopt HIST_IGNORE_SPACE 2>/dev/null
touch ~/.gitcookies
chmod 0600 ~/.gitcookies

git config --global http.cookiefile ~/.gitcookies

tr , \\t <<\__END__ >>~/.gitcookies
.googlesource.com,TRUE,/,TRUE,2147483647,o,git-account.gmail.com=1//0***************************-**********-**************************-**********-*********************o
__END__
eval 'set -o history' 2>/dev/null || unsetopt HIST_IGNORE_SPACE 2>/dev/null

verify

[!NOTE|label:googlesource repos]

$ bash setup.gitcookies.sh
$ GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git clone https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/a/gerrit
...
== Info: [HTTP/2] [1] [cookie: o=<redacted>]    # libcurl (used by Git) has picked up a cookie named o from your configured cookiefile
...
=> Send header: Cookie: o=<redacted>            # the actual HTTP request header Git (via libcurl) sends to the Gerrit server
...
<= Recv header: HTTP/2 200                      # the response from the server: HTTP/2 200 OK, indicating that the server accepted your cookie, authenticated

commit.template

$ git config [--global] commit.template ~/.git-template/commit.template
# ~/.git-template/commit.template:
# Please write your commit message following the Conventional Commits format.
#
# Type (choose one):
#   feat:     A new feature
#   fix:      A bug fix
#   docs:     Documentation changes only
#   style:    Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (e.g., formatting)
#   refactor: A code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
#   test:     Adding or updating tests
#   chore:    Changes to the build process or auxiliary tools
#
# Scope (optional): The specific area of the code affected (e.g., component, module)
#
# Examples:
#   feat(parser): support new syntax rules
#   fix(ui): resolve unresponsive button issue
#
# Guidelines:
# - Limit the subject line to 50 characters
# - Leave a blank line between subject and body
# - Use the body to explain *what* and *why*, not *how* (optional)

<type>(<scope>): <short summary>

<detailed description, optional — what changed and why>

BREAKING CHANGE: <description of breaking change, if any>

Footer: <e.g., Closes #123, Ref #456>

  • usage

    $ git commit

default configuration

  • core.editor

    • use vim ( the ubiqutos text editor ) as Git's default editor

      $ git config --get core.editor
vim
    core.editor

  • init.defaultBranch

    • override the default branch name for new repositories

      $ git config --get init.defaultBranch
development
    core.editor

  • core.autocrlf

    [!TIP|label:see also:]

    • checkout windows-style, commit unix-style line endings

      $ git config --get core.autocrlf
true

    • checkout as-is, commit unix-style line endings

      $ git config --get core.autocrlf
input

    • checkout as-is, commit as-is

      $ git config --get core.autocrlf
false
    core.editor

  • pull.rebase

    $ git config --get pull.rebase
true
    core.editor

  • core.fscache & core.symlinks

    • enable file system caching

      $ git config --get core.fscache
true

    • enable symbolic links

      $ git config --get core.symlinks
true
    core.editor

  • core.fsmonitor

    • enable experimental built-in file system monitor

      $ git config --get core.fsmonitor
true
    core.editor

__git_ps1

[!NOTE|label:localtion]

  • osx: $(brew --prefix git)/etc/bash_completion.d/git-prompt.sh

add to bash_completion.d

# if necessary
$ ln -sf "$(brew --prefix git)"/etc/bash_completion.d/git-prompt.sh "$(brew --prefix)"/etc/bash_completion.d/

tig

[!NOTE|label:references:]

# ubuntu
$ sudo apt-get install libncursesw5-dev
# centos/rhel
$ sudo yum install ncurses-devel

$ git clone git@github.com:jonas/tig.git ${iRCHOME}/utils/ && cd !$/tig
$ make -j prefix=/usr/local
$ sudo make install prefix=/usr/local

$ /usr/local/bin/tig --version
tig version 2.5.8-5-g1894954
ncursesw version 6.3.20211021

install from source

$ git clone git@github.com:jonas/tig.git && cd tig

$ make
# or
$ make prefix=/usr/local

$ make install
# or
$ sudo make install prefix=/usr/local

$ sudo make install-doc
   INSTALL  doc/tig.1 -> /root/share/man/man1
   INSTALL  doc/tigrc.5 -> /root/share/man/man5
   INSTALL  doc/tigmanual.7 -> /root/share/man/man7
   INSTALL  doc/tig.1.html -> /root/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  doc/tigrc.5.html -> /root/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  doc/manual.html -> /root/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  README.html -> /root/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  INSTALL.html -> /root/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  NEWS.html -> /root/share/doc/tig

# or
$ [sudo] make install-release-doc
GIT_INDEX_FILE=.tmp-doc-index git read-tree origin/release
GIT_INDEX_FILE=.tmp-doc-index git checkout-index -f --prefix=./ doc/tig.1 doc/tigrc.5 doc/tigmanual.7
rm -f .tmp-doc-index
make install-doc-man
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/marslo/iMarslo/tools/git/tools/tig'
   INSTALL  doc/tig.1 -> /home/marslo/share/man/man1
   INSTALL  doc/tigrc.5 -> /home/marslo/share/man/man5
   INSTALL  doc/tigmanual.7 -> /home/marslo/share/man/man7
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/marslo/iMarslo/tools/git/tools/tig'
GIT_INDEX_FILE=.tmp-doc-index git read-tree origin/release
GIT_INDEX_FILE=.tmp-doc-index git checkout-index -f --prefix=./ doc/tig.1.html doc/tigrc.5.html doc/manual.html README.html INSTALL.html NEWS.html
rm -f .tmp-doc-index
make install-doc-html
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/marslo/iMarslo/tools/git/tools/tig'
       GEN  doc/manual.toc
  ASCIIDOC  doc/manual.html
   INSTALL  doc/tig.1.html -> /home/marslo/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  doc/tigrc.5.html -> /home/marslo/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  doc/manual.html -> /home/marslo/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  README.html -> /home/marslo/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  INSTALL.html -> /home/marslo/share/doc/tig
   INSTALL  NEWS.html -> /home/marslo/share/doc/tig
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/marslo/iMarslo/tools/git/tools/tig'

  • result

    $ which -a tig
/usr/local/bin/tig

$ tig --version
tig version 2.5.8-17-ge543cfe
ncursesw version 6.1.20180224

troubleshooting

[!TIP]

ld: archive member '/' not a mach-o file

[!NOTE]

  • xCode

    $ xcodebuild -version
Xcode 15.0
Build version 15A240d
$ pkgutil --pkg-info=com.apple.pkg.CLTools_Executables | grep version
version: 15.1.0.0.1.1700200546

# after upgraded
$ xcodebuild -version
Xcode 15.2
Build version 15C500b
$ pkgutil --pkg-info=com.apple.pkg.CLTools_Executables | grep version
version: 15.1.0.0.1.1700200546
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