> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/book/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/book/groovy/python/config.md).

# config

* [installation](#installation)
  * [command completion](#command-completion)
  * [install from source code](#install-from-source-code)
* [environment in MacOS](#environment-in-macos)
  * [`pip.conf`](#pipconf)
  * [pip config file](#pip-config-file)
  * [list python path](#list-python-path)
  * [python site](#python-site)
  * [python libs](#python-libs)
  * [multiple versions](#multiple-versions)
* [version change](#version-change)
  * [setup default python](#setup-default-python)
  * [modules re-installation](#modules-re-installation)
  * [`PYTHONPATH`](#pythonpath)
* [extension](#extension)
  * [clear windows](#clear-windows)
* [python IDLE in MacOS Big Sur](#python-idle-in-macos-big-sur)
  * [`IDLE quit unexpectedly`](#idle-quit-unexpectedly)
  * [Python may not be configured for Tk](#python-may-not-be-configured-for-tk)
  * [init and setup](#init-and-setup)
  * [install packages](#install-packages)

> reference:
>
> * [homebrew and python](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python)
> * [Installing from local packages](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#installing-from-local-packages)
> * [pip list](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_list/)

### installation

#### [command completion](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#command-completion)

```bash
$ python -m pip completion --bash >> ~/.bashrc
```

* or

  ```bash
  $ python -m pip completion --bash >> ~/.profile
  ```
* or

  ```bash
  $ eval "`pip completion --bash`"
  ```

#### [install from source code](https://blog.eldernode.com/install-python-3-8-on-centos/)

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [\* Python Developer's Guide: Compile and build](https://devguide.python.org/getting-started/setup-building/#compile-and-build)
> * [\* Python Developer's Guide: Install dependencies](https://devguide.python.org/getting-started/setup-building/index.html#install-dependencies)
> * [Python 3.3 source code setup: modules were not found: \_lzma \_sqlite3 \_tkinter](https://stackoverflow.com/a/70564810/2940319)
> * [Building python from source on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa](https://towardsdatascience.com/building-python-from-source-on-ubuntu-20-04-2ed29eec152b)
> * [How to Install Python 3 on Ubuntu 20.04 or 22.04](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/how-to-install-python-3-ubuntu)
> * [How to Install Python 3.8 on CentOS 8](https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-python-3-8-on-centos-8/)

* basic environment prepare

  ```bash
  # centos
  $ sudo dnf groupinstall 'development tools'
  $ sudo dnf install gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel \
  $ sudo dnf install expat-devel gdbm-devel ncurses-devel \
                     readline-devel sqlite-devel tk-devel xz-devel zlib-devel

  # ubuntu
  $ sudo apt install build-essential checkinstall pkg-config \
                     libexpat1-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev \
                     libreadline8 libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev \
                     tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev \
                     libnss3-dev zlib1g-dev
  ```
* download source code

  ```bash
  $ curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tgz
  $ tar xzf Python-3.8.3.tgz

  # or
  $ PYTHON_VERSION='3.12.2'
  $ curl -fsSL https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tgz |
    tar xzf - -C /opt/python &&
    cd /opt/python/Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}
  ```
* compile and install

  > \[!NOTE|label:references:]
  >
  > * [How to build your own Python version](https://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/doc/man/gildas/html/gildas-python-html/node36.html)
  > * [docker-library/python/Dockerfile](https://github.com/docker-library/python/blob/master/3.11/alpine3.18/Dockerfile)
  >
  >   ```bash
  >   # debian
  >   gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"
  >   ```
  > * [\* 3. Configure Python](https://docs.python.org/3/using/configure.html)
  >   * [3.3.7. Linker options](https://docs.python.org/3/using/configure.html#linker-options)
  >     * [`--enable-shared`](https://docs.python.org/3/using/configure.html#cmdoption-enable-shared)
  >     * [`--without-static-libpython`](https://docs.python.org/3/using/configure.html#cmdoption-without-static-libpython)
  > * [Shared libraries in macOS and Linux](https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda-build/en/latest/resources/use-shared-libraries.html#shared-libraries-in-macos-and-linux)
  >   * `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH` in osx
  >   * `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` in linux
  >   * [Search Path Used by Windows to Locate a DLL](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/7d83bc18\(v=vs.140\))

  ```bash
  $ ./configure --enable-optimizations \
                --enable-shared \                 # or export PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--enable-shared"
                --with-lto \
                --with-system-expat \
                --with-ensurepip \
                --with-openssl=/usr/lib/ssl
  $ sudo make -j "$(nproc)"
  $ sudo make install

  $ export PYTHON_HOME='/opt/python/Python-3.12.2'
  # for libpython3.12.so.1.0
  $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PYTHON_HOME:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

  # check
  $ which -a python3.12
  /usr/local/bin/python3.12
  $ python3 --version
  Python 3.12.2

  # upgrade pip
  $ sudo -H /usr/local/bin/python3.12 -m pip install --upgrade pip
  ```

  ```bash
  $ cd Python-3.8.3
  $ sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
  $ sudo make -j 12
  $ sudo make altinstall
  ```

  * linker cache

    > \[!NOTE|label:references:]
    >
    > * [Python3.7: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.7m.so.1.0](https://stackoverflow.com/a/58650045/2940319)
    >
    >   ```bash
    >   $ sudo ldconfig -v
    >   $ sudo ldconfig /usr/local/lib
    >   ```

    ```bash
    $ sudo ldconfig -v | grep python
            libpython3.so -> libpython3.so
            libpython3.6m.so.1.0 -> libpython3.6m.so.1.0

    $ sudo ldconfig -v /opt/python/Python-3.12.2 | grep python
    /opt/python/Python-3.12.2: (from <cmdline>:0)
            libpython3.so -> libpython3.so
            libpython3.12.so.1.0 -> libpython3.12.so.1.0
            libpython3.so -> libpython3.so
            libpython3.6m.so.1.0 -> libpython3.6m.so.1.0
    ```
* setup

  ```bash
  $ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/bin/python3.8 99
  ```

### environment in MacOS

#### `pip.conf`

{% hint style="info" %}

> `pip.conf` load priority
>
> * MacOS : `/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf` > `~/.config/pip/pip.conf` > `~/.pip/pip.conf`
>   {% endhint %}

* user: `~/.pip/pip.conf` & `~/.config/pip/pip.conf`
* global: `/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf`
* list config:

  ```bash
  $ pip config list [ -v ]
  global.index-url='https://artifactory.sample.com/artifactory/api/pypi/tools/simple'
  ```

  * details

    ```bash
    $ pip config list -v
    For variant 'global', will try loading '/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf'
    For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.pip/pip.conf'
    For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.config/pip/pip.conf'
    For variant 'site', will try loading '/usr/local/opt/python@3.10/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/pip.conf'
    global.extra-index-url='https://artifactory.sample.com/artifactory/api/pypi/myPrivate'
    global.index-url='https://artifactory.sample.com/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/simple'
    ```
* [`PIP_CONF_FILE`](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#configuration)

  ```bash
  $ export PIP_CONFIG_FILE=/path/to/pip.conf
  ```
* upgrade all outdated modules

  ```bash
  $ pip install --upgrade --user $(pip list --outdated | sed 1,2d | awk '{print $1}' | xargs)
  ```

  * with exclude

    ```bash
    $ pip3.9 install --upgrade --user $(pip3.9 list --outdated | sed 1,2d | awk '{print $1}' | grep -vw 'docker\|rich')
    ```

#### [pip config file](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/configuration/#pip-config-file)

* naming

  ```
  [global]
  timeout = 60
  index-url = https://download.zope.org/ppix
  ```
* per-command section

  ```
  [global]
  timeout = 60

  [freeze]
  timeout = 10
  ```
* boolean options

  ```
  [install]
  ignore-installed = true
  no-dependencies = yes
  ```

  * add

    ```
    [global]
    no-cache-dir = false

    [install]
    no-compile = no
    no-warn-script-location = false
    ```
* repeatable options

  ```
  [global]
  quiet = 0
  verbose = 2
  ```
* format: on multiple lines

  ```
  [global]
  find-links =
      http://download.example.com

  [install]
  find-links =
      http://mirror1.example.com
      http://mirror2.example.com

  trusted-host =
      mirror1.example.com
      mirror2.example.com
  ```

#### [list python path](https://github.com/Homebrew/legacy-homebrew/issues/31873#issuecomment-53532229)

```bash
$ python -vv -c "import sys; print sys.path"
$ python -vvE -c "import sys; print sys.path"
$ python -vvEsS -c "import sys; print sys.path"
```

#### [python site](/book/groovy/python/config.md)

* macos

```bash
# -- HOMEBREW_PREFIX --
$ echo "$(brew --prefix)"
/opt/homebrew

$ python3 -c "import site; print (site.getsitepackages())"
['/opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.13/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/site-packages']

$ python3 -c "import site; print (site.getusersitepackages())"
/Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.13/lib/python/site-packages

$ readlink /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.13/lib/python/site-packages

$ readlink -f /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.13/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/site-packages
/opt/homebrew/lib/python3.13/site-packages
```

#### python libs

**MacOS**

* global

```bash
 $ ls -1d "$(brew --prefix)"/lib/python*/
 /opt/homebrew/lib/python3.11/
 /opt/homebrew/lib/python3.12/
 /opt/homebrew/lib/python3.13/
 /opt/homebrew/lib/python3.9/
```

* local

  ```bash
  $ ls -ld ~/Library/Python/*/
  drwx------ 4 marslo staff 128 Aug  6 17:23 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/2.7/
  drwx------ 5 marslo staff 160 Oct 12 21:17 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.7/
  drwx------ 5 marslo staff 160 Oct 27 19:24 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.8/
  drwx------ 5 marslo staff 160 Oct 27 19:24 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.9/
  ```

  * example:

    ```bash
    $ /usr/bin/python -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)'
    /Users/marslo/Library/Python/2.7

    $ /usr/local/bin/python3.9 -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)'
    /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.9

    $ /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -c 'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_paths()["purelib"])'
    /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages
    ```

**linux**

> references:
>
> * [How do I find the location of my Python site-packages directory](https://stackoverflow.com/a/46071447/2940319)

```bash
$ /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -m site --user-site
/home/marslo/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -c 'import site; print(site.getsitepackages())'
['/usr/local/lib64/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

$ python3.6 -m site
sys.path = [
    '/home/marslo',
    '/usr/lib64/python36.zip',
    '/usr/lib64/python3.6',
    '/usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload',
    '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
    '/usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages',
    '/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
]
USER_BASE: '/home/marslo/.local' (exists)
USER_SITE: '/home/marslo/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages' (doesn't exist)
ENABLE_USER_SITE: True
```

* check particular lib

  ```bash
  $ python -c "import os as _; print(_.__file__)"
  /usr/lib64/python3.6/os.py

  $ python -c "import setuptools as _; print(_.__path__)"
  ['/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools']
  ```

#### multiple versions

**get current working version**

```bash
$ CFLAGS=-I$(brew --prefix)/include LDFLAGS=-L$(brew --prefix)/lib pip --version
pip 20.2.4 from /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
```

* or

  ```bash
  $ $(brew --prefix)/opt/python/libexec/bin/python -V
  Python 3.8.6
  ```

**upgrade particular modules**

```bash
$ sudo -H python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-20.2.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 20.2.3
    Uninstalling pip-20.2.3:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-20.2.3
Successfully installed pip-20.2.4
```

* upgrade to previous version

```bash
$ pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir --pre pip
```

**install all older version modules**

```bash
$ /usr/local/bin/python3.8 -m pip freeze > pip3.8-requirements.txt
$ sudo -H /usr/local/bin/python3.9 -m pip install --pre -r pip3.8-requirements.txt
```

* reference:

  ```bash
  $ CFLAGS=-I$(brew --prefix)/include LDFLAGS=-L$(brew --prefix)/lib pip freeze
  beautifulsoup4==4.9.1
  certifi==2020.6.20
  cffi==1.14.1
  chardet==3.0.4
  click==7.1.2
  click-config-file==0.6.0
  colorama==0.4.3
  ...
  ```

  * or

    ```bash
    $ pip list --outdate --format=freeze
    docker==4.2.2
    rich==3.0.5

    $ pip list -o --format columns
    Package Version Latest Type
    ------- ------- ------ -----
    docker  4.2.2   4.3.1  wheel
    rich    3.0.5   9.1.0  whee

    $ pip list --outdate --format=json
    [{"name": "docker", "version": "4.2.2", "latest_version": "4.3.1", "latest_filetype": "wheel"}, {"name": "rich", "version": "3.0.5", "latest_version": "9.1.0", "latest_filetype": "wheel"}]
    ```

### version change

{% hint style="info" %}

> change default python from `3.9` to `3.10`
> {% endhint %}

#### setup default python

* via `ln`

  ```bash
  $ unlink /usr/local/opt/python
  $ ln -sf /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4 /usr/local/opt/python

  $ unlink /usr/local/bin/python
  $ ln -sf /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4/bin/python3.10 /usr/local/bin/python3
  $ ln -sf /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4/bin/python3.10 /usr/local/bin/python

  $ export PYTHONUSERBASE="$(/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/python -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)')"
  $ export PYTHON3='/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin'
  $ export PATH="$PYTHONUSERBASE/bin:${PYTHON3}:$PATH"
  ```
* via [`brew link`](https://stackoverflow.com/a/61560541/2940319)

  ```bash
  $ brew link python3 python@3.10 --overwrite
  ```

  * example

    ```bash
    $ python3 --version
    Python 3.9.13

    $ brew link python3 python@3.10 --overwrite
    Warning: Already linked: /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.13_1
    To relink, run:
      brew unlink python@3.9 && brew link python@3.9
    Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4... 24 symlinks created.

    If you need to have this software first in your PATH instead consider running:
      echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH"' >> /Users/marslo/.bash_profile

    $ python3 --version
    Python 3.10.4
    ```
* via [`default`](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask/issues/52128#issuecomment-424680522)

  ```bash
  $ defaults write com.apple.versioner.python Version 3.8
  ```

  * get default version

    ```bash
    $ defaults read com.apple.versioner.python Version
    ```
  * example

    ```bash
    $ defaults read com.apple.versioner.python Version
    3.9

    $ defaults write com.apple.versioner.python Version 3.10

    $ defaults read com.apple.versioner.python Version
    3.10
    ```

#### modules re-installation

```bash
$ /usr/local/bin/python3.9 -m pip freeze > pip3.9-requirements.txt
$ sudo -H /usr/local/bin/python3.10 -m pip install --pre -r pip3.9-requirements.txt
```

#### `PYTHONPATH`

```bash
$ export PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages"
    ⇣⇣
$ export PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages"
```

### extension

#### [clear windows](https://gist.github.com/tonidy/1175133)

* download

  ```bash
  $ curl -o /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/idlelib/ClearWindow.py https://bugs.python.org/file14303/ClearWindow.py
  ```
* configure

  ```bash
  $ cat >> /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/idlelib/config-extensions.def < EOF

  [ClearWindow]

  enable=1
  enable_editor=0
  enable_shell=1
  [ClearWindow_cfgBindings]
  clear-window=<Command-Key-l>
  EOF
  ```

### python IDLE in MacOS Big Sur

#### `IDLE quit unexpectedly`

```bash
Process:               Python [53851]
Path:                  /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.1_5/IDLE 3.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Identifier:            org.python.IDLE
Version:               3.9.1 (3.9.1)
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        ??? [1]
Responsible:           Python [53851]
User ID:               501

Date/Time:             2021-01-10 15:20:06.574 +0800
OS Version:            macOS 11.1 (20C69)
Report Version:        12
Bridge OS Version:     5.1 (18P3030)
Anonymous UUID:        AB6EE819-0314-4161-9650-FFE340DF84C8

Application Specific Information:
abort() called
...
```

* root cause

  ```bash
  $ python
  Python 3.9.1 (default, Jan  6 2021, 06:05:23)
  [Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.28)] on darwin
  Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  >>> import tkinter as tk
  >>> print(tk.Tcl().eval('info patchlevel'))
  8.5.9
  >>> exit()
  ```
* using `https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.1/python-3.9.1-macosx10.9.pkg`

  ```bash
  $ brew info tcl-tk | head -1
  tcl-tk: stable 8.6.11 (bottled) [keg-only]

  $ python
  Python 3.9.1 (v3.9.1:1e5d33e9b9, Dec  7 2020, 12:10:52)
  [Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
  Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
  >>> import tkinter as tk
  >>> print(tk.Tcl().eval('info patchlevel'))
  8.6.8
  ```

  ![idle in mac big sur](/files/-Me-61A5gLZaqx38GGHZ)
* [more on tkinter](https://stackoverflow.com/a/60469203/2940319)

  ```bash
  >>> import tkinter
  >>> tkinter.TclVersion, tkinter.TkVersion
  (8.5, 8.5)
  >>> tkinter._tester()
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  AttributeError: module 'tkinter' has no attribute '_tester'
  >>> tkinter._test()
  macOS 11 or later required !
  Abort trap: 6
  ```

#### Python may not be configured for Tk

```bash
$ python
Python 3.10.4 (main, Apr 26 2022, 19:42:59) [Clang 13.1.6 (clang-1316.0.21.2)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter as tk
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/tkinter/__init__.py", line 37, in <module>
    import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_tkinter'
```

* solution

  ```bash
  $ brew info python@3.10
  python@3.10: stable 3.10.4 (bottled) [keg-only]
  ... ...
  tkinter is no longer included with this formula, but it is available separately:
    brew install python-tk@3.10
  ... ...

  $ brew install python-tk@3.10
  ==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/python-tk/3.10/manifests/3.10.4
  ```

\######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Downloading <https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/python-tk/3.10/blobs/sha256:6a937be1fd531589ef7f9b4d971cb91ee7549d99f7f1aaf97f0fc3c0911f1c5d> ==> Downloading from <https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sha256:6a937be1fd531589ef7f9b4d971cb91ee7549d99f7f1aaf97f0fc3c0911f1c5d?s> ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring <python-tk@3.10--3.10.4.monterey.bottle.tar.gz> ==> Caveats python-tk\@3.10 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local, because this is an alternate version of another formula.

\==> Summary ☕️ 🐸 /usr/local/Cellar/python-tk\@3.10/3.10.4: 5 files, 132.6KB ==> Running `brew cleanup python-tk@3.10`... Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW\_NO\_INSTALL\_CLEANUP. Hide these hints with HOMEBREW\_NO\_ENV\_HINTS (see `man brew`).

$ brew reinstall python\@3.10 ... ...

````

## venv

> [!NOTE|label:references:]
> - [12. Virtual Environments and Packages](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html) | [zh-cn](https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/tutorial/venv.html)

### PS1

> [!NOTE|label:references:]
> - [How do I change the default virtualenv prompt?](https://stackoverflow.com/a/20026992/2940319)
> - [Python venv module cannot add virtual environment name to PS1, when using PROMPT_COMMAND?](https://stackoverflow.com/a/61682159/2940319)

```bash
$ export VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1

$ function _venv_info() {
  local printf_format=' [%s]'
  local venv=''
  [[ $# -eq 1 ]] && printf_format="$1"
  [[ -n "${VIRTUAL_ENV}" ]] && venv="${VIRTUAL_ENV##*/}"
  if [[ -n "${venv}" ]]; then
    # shellcheck disable=SC2059
    printf -- "${printf_format}" "${venv}"
  fi
}
# usage
$ _venv_info "--%s--"
--rmk--
$ _venv_info "(\033[38;5;6;3m%s\033[0m)"
(rmk)
````

[![pyvenv ps1](/files/mMJiB5BjSXABpDhTn2Am)](https://github.com/marslo/ibook/blob/marslo/docs/screenshot/python/pyvenv-ps1.png)

* or using `PROMPT_COMMAND`

  ```bash
  $ cat ~/.bashrc
  # for venv info
  function _venv_info() {
    local printf_format=' [%s]'
    local venv=''
    [[ $# -eq 1 ]] && printf_format="$1"
    [[ -n "${VIRTUAL_ENV}" ]] && venv="${VIRTUAL_ENV##*/}"
    if [[ -n "${venv}" ]]; then
      # shellcheck disable=SC2059
      printf -- "${printf_format}" "${venv}"
    fi
  }

  export VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1
  COL_SD_PURPLE='\[\033[38;5;98;3m\]'
  COL_SD_GREEN='\[\033[32;2m\]'
  COL_NONE='\[\033[0m\]'
  COL_DEFAULT="\[\033[38;5;240m\]"
  COL_RESET='\[\033[1m\]'

  PS1="\\n${COL_RESET}${COL_DEFAULT}(\\u@\\h${COL_RESET} \\w${COL_RESET}${COL_DEFAULT}) "
  PS1+="\$(__git_ps1 \"- (${COL_SD_GREEN}%s${COL_NONE}${COL_DEFAULT}) \")"
  PS1+="\$(_venv_info \"- (${COL_SD_PURPLE}%s${COL_NONE}${COL_DEFAULT}) \")"
  PS1+="\\$ ${COL_NONE}"
  export PS1
  ```

  [![full ps1 with pyenv and \_\_git\_ps1](/files/btZ23NrrhzLJsJvGZk3b)](https://github.com/marslo/ibook/blob/marslo/docs/screenshot/python/pyenv-full-ps1.png)

#### init and setup

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [python3.11: venv — Creation of virtual environments](https://docs.python.org/3.11/library/venv.html) | [python3.11: venv --- 创建虚拟环境](https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.11/library/venv.html)

| PLATFORM | SHELL      | HOW TO ACTIVATE                   |
| -------- | ---------- | --------------------------------- |
| posix    | bash/zsh   | `source <venv>/bin/activate`      |
| posix    | fish       | `source <venv>/bin/activate.fish` |
| posix    | csh/tcsh   | `source <venv>/bin/activate.csh`  |
| posix    | PowerShell | `<venv>/Scripts/Activate.ps1`     |
| Windows  | cmd.exe    | `<venv>\Scripts\activate.bat`     |
| Windows  | PowerShell | `<venv>\Scripts\Activate.ps1`     |

> * [vscode python venv - activate.ps1 is used instead of activate.bat](https://stackoverflow.com/a/76809701/2940319) | [Make venv default terminal for Project in VSCode](https://stackoverflow.com/q/78005138/2940319)

```bash
# init
$ python3 -m venv ~/.venv/rmk

# enable
$ source ~/.venv/rmk/bin/activate

# disable
$ deactivate
```

* [tips for `g:python3_host_prog` in nvim](https://vi.stackexchange.com/q/44770/7389)

  ```vim
  let g:python3_host_prog = expand( substitute(system('command -v python3'), '\n\+$', '', '') )
  ```
* [check status](https://blog.csdn.net/Long_xu/article/details/135117395)

  ```bash
  $ pip config -v list
  For variant 'global', will try loading '/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf'
  For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.pip/pip.conf'
  For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.config/pip/pip.conf'
  For variant 'site', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.venv/rmk/pip.conf'
  ```

#### install packages

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [Install packages in a virtual environment using pip and venv](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/)