> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/book/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/book/osx/tricky.md).

# tricky

* [get file metadata](#get-file-metadata)
  * [mdls - metadata list](#mdls---metadata-list)
  * [xattr](#xattr)
  * [exiftool](#exiftool)
  * [sips - images](#sips---images)
  * [identify - images](#identify---images)
* [copy path](#copy-path)
  * [copy STDOUT into clipboard](#copy-stdout-into-clipboard)
  * [Copy path from finder](#copy-path-from-finder)
* [create app](#create-app)
  * [groovyConsole](#groovyconsole)
  * [python3 IDLE](#python3-idle)
  * [create dmg](#create-dmg)
* [reset file associations](#reset-file-associations)
* [add snippets for input](#add-snippets-for-input)
  * [enable Technical Symbols](#enable-technical-symbols)
  * [and snippets](#and-snippets)
  * [finally](#finally)
  * [unicode hex input](#unicode-hex-input)
* [others](#others)
  * [install font](#install-font)
  * [create image](#create-image)
  * [extract](#extract)
  * [disk](#disk)
  * [modify font in plist](#modify-font-in-plist)
  * [show process details](#show-process-details)
  * [`/usr/bin/xattr`](#usrbinxattr)
* [tips](#tips)
  * [shutdown mac via commands](#shutdown-mac-via-commands)
  * [alert on mac when server is up](#alert-on-mac-when-server-is-up)
  * [turn off the screen without sleeping](#turn-off-the-screen-without-sleeping)
  * [disable startup music](#disable-startup-music)
  * [3D lock screen](#3d-lock-screen)
  * [take screenshot after 3 sec](#take-screenshot-after-3-sec)
  * [setup welcome text in login screen](#setup-welcome-text-in-login-screen)
  * [show message on desktop](#show-message-on-desktop)
  * [launch iOS simulator](#launch-ios-simulator)
  * [show startup launch apps](#show-startup-launch-apps)
  * [check detail diskage usage](#check-detail-diskage-usage)
* [notch](#notch)
  * [reduce the menu bar item spacing](#reduce-the-menu-bar-item-spacing)

> \[!TIP|label:references]
>
> * [tips and tricks](https://gist.github.com/dive/3070807)

### get file metadata

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [Terminal command to get all of a file's metadata?](https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/298974/254265)

#### mdls - metadata list

```bash
$ mdls nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
_kMDItemDisplayNameWithExtensions  = "nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz"
kMDItemContentCreationDate         = 2024-12-07 05:41:06 +0000
kMDItemContentCreationDate_Ranking = 2024-12-07 00:00:00 +0000
kMDItemContentModificationDate     = 2024-12-07 05:41:07 +0000
kMDItemContentType                 = "org.gnu.gnu-zip-archive"
kMDItemContentTypeTree             = (
    "org.gnu.gnu-zip-archive",
    "public.data",
    "public.item",
    "public.archive"
)
kMDItemDateAdded                   = 2024-12-07 05:41:08 +0000
kMDItemDisplayName                 = "nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz"
kMDItemDocumentIdentifier          = 0
kMDItemFSContentChangeDate         = 2024-12-07 05:41:07 +0000
kMDItemFSCreationDate              = 2024-12-07 05:41:06 +0000
kMDItemFSCreatorCode               = ""
kMDItemFSFinderFlags               = 0
kMDItemFSHasCustomIcon             = (null)
kMDItemFSInvisible                 = 0
kMDItemFSIsExtensionHidden         = 0
kMDItemFSIsStationery              = (null)
kMDItemFSLabel                     = 0
kMDItemFSName                      = "nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz"
kMDItemFSNodeCount                 = (null)
kMDItemFSOwnerGroupID              = 20
kMDItemFSOwnerUserID               = 503
kMDItemFSSize                      = 8796470
kMDItemFSTypeCode                  = ""
kMDItemInterestingDate_Ranking     = 2024-12-07 00:00:00 +0000
kMDItemKind                        = "gzip compressed archive"
kMDItemLogicalSize                 = 8796470
kMDItemPhysicalSize                = 8798208
kMDItemWhereFroms                  = (
    "https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/16408992/ad802a23-1166-4836-8c5d-d9f285880360?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20241207%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20241207T054106Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=86c4bbf765c39941538a221b8c3a11f89961aef680a05a0995545a9a03175656&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dnvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream",
    "https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/tag/v0.10.2"
)
```

#### xattr

```bash
$ xattr nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
com.apple.macl
com.apple.metadata:kMDItemWhereFroms
com.apple.quarantine

$ xattr -l nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
com.apple.macl:
com.apple.metadata:kMDItemWhereFroms: bplist00�_https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/16408992/ad802a23-1166-4836-8c5d-d9f285880360?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20241207%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20241207T054106Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=86c4bbf765c39941538a221b8c3a11f89961aef680a05a0995545a9a03175656&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dnvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream_5https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/tag/v0.10.2
com.apple.quarantine: 0081;6753dff2;Chrome;
```

#### exiftool

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * install via:
>
>   ```bash
>   $ brew install exiftool
>   ```

```bash
$ exiftool nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
ExifTool Version Number         : 13.00
File Name                       : nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
Directory                       : .
File Size                       : 8.8 MB
File Modification Date/Time     : 2024:12:06 21:41:07-08:00
File Access Date/Time           : 2024:12:06 21:41:10-08:00
File Inode Change Date/Time     : 2024:12:06 21:41:09-08:00
File Permissions                : -rw-r--r--
File Type                       : GZIP
File Type Extension             : gz
MIME Type                       : application/x-gzip
Compression                     : Deflated
Flags                           : (none)
Modify Date                     : 2024:10:03 02:00:52-07:00
Extra Flags                     : (none)
Operating System                : Unix
```

#### sips - images

```bash
$ sips -g all kubernetes-operator.png
/Users/marslo/Desktop/kubernetes-operator.png
  pixelWidth: 2560
  pixelHeight: 2560
  typeIdentifier: public.png
  format: png
  formatOptions: default
  dpiWidth: 72.000
  dpiHeight: 72.000
  samplesPerPixel: 3
  bitsPerSample: 8
  hasAlpha: no
  space: RGB

$ sips -g all JCasC.svg
/Users/marslo/Desktop/JCasC.svg
  pixelWidth: 825.640
  pixelHeight: 1024.000
  typeIdentifier: public.svg-image
  format: svg
  formatOptions: default
  dpiWidth: 72.000
  dpiHeight: 72.000
  hasAlpha: no
```

#### identify - images

```bash
$ identify -verbose kubernetes-operator.png
Image:
  Filename: kubernetes-operator.png
  Permissions: rw-r--r--
  Format: PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
  Mime type: image/png
  Class: DirectClass
  Geometry: 2560x2560+0+0
  Resolution: 28.34x28.34
  Print size: 90.3317x90.3317
  Units: PixelsPerCentimeter
  Colorspace: sRGB
  Type: TrueColor
  ...

$ identify -verbose JCasC.svg
Image:
  Filename: JCasC.svg
  Permissions: rw-------
  Format: SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
  Mime type: image/svg+xml
  Class: DirectClass
  Geometry: 826x1024+0+0
  Units: Undefined
  Colorspace: sRGB
  Type: TrueColorAlpha
  Base type: Undefined
  Endianness: Undefined
  Depth: 16-bit
  ...
```

### copy path

#### copy STDOUT into clipboard

> \[!NOTE]
>
> * `pbcopy` for macOS
> * `xclip` for Linux

```bash
$ <cmd> | pbcopy
```

* example

  ```bash
  $ cat file | pbcopy
  $ pwd | pbcopy
  ```

#### Copy path from finder

* [*right-click*(<kbd>control</kbd> + left-click) -> <kbd>option</kbd>](https://osxdaily.com/2013/06/19/copy-file-folder-path-mac-os-x/)

![option key](/files/m9u02rLsi3gOI1CGPY5D)

* Automator -> Quick Action

![create quick action](/files/xNiJuXVzJcUoIaXUJPkd)

![content menu](/files/LW7VXt0vlEmxXkfZCZYF)

* [Automator -> Apple Script](https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/47234/254265)

  ```bash
  on run {input, parameters}

    try
      tell application "Finder" to set the clipboard to POSIX path of (target of window 1 as alias)
    on error
      beep
    end try

    return input
  end run
  ```

![copy path apple script](/files/gmv5RfckT9tq5ufpCyYp)

![copy path shortcut key](/files/ClTBVcTLRQJ3368nCtx8)

### create app

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [\* splaisan/appify.sh](https://gist.github.com/splaisan/e4ebae891f6f26f86e75)
> * [advorak/appify.sh](https://gist.github.com/advorak/1403124)
> * [pypi: mac-appify](https://pypi.org/project/mac-appify/)
> * [9 Automator Apps You Can Create in Under 5 Minutes](https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/10-automator-applications-create-5-minutes-mac/)
> * [How to create an OSX Application to wrap a call to a shell script?](https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/201309/254265)
> * [CREATE YOUR OWN CUSTOM ICONS IN OS X 10.7.5 OR LATER \[UPDATED\]](https://eshop.macsales.com/blog/28492-create-your-own-custom-icons-in-10-7-5-or-later/)

#### groovyConsole

> \[!NOTE|label:expection] case: run `groovyConsole` from Spolite or Alfred
>
> * reference:
>   * [Install groovy console on Mac and make it runnable from dock](https://superuser.com/a/1303372/112396)

**via Automator.app**

> \[!NOTE|label:tips] Automator.app will create whole bunch of necessary files for app. only need to replace the `CFBundleExecutable` filename

* Open **Automator.app** » **New** » **Application** ![Automator.app » select Applicaiton](/files/u87fUnlFgjETdkJuY7ai)
* Select **Run Shell Script** » save to .app with empty shell script ![Automator.app » select Run Shell Script](/files/WPyas5qy6HjT03gxK8Iz)

  ![Automator.app » save to an app](/files/KXGHzgV6GaVJiJ6mtGSa)

**via script**

> \[!NOTE|label:tips:]
>
> * get standalone commands for the script
>
>   ```bash
>   $ ps aux | grep groovyConsole | grep -v grep
>   marslo           63030   0.0  1.9 42636292 310724 s008  S+    2:06PM   0:12.48 /usr/local/opt/openjdk/bin/java -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-4.0.13.jar -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec -Dtools.jar=/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter --main groovy.console.ui.Console --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf --classpath .:/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/tools.jar:/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.
>   ```
>
>   \==> which would be:
>
>   ```bash
>   /usr/local/opt/openjdk/bin/java \
>        -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true \
>        -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
>        -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns \
>        -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-4.0.13.jar \
>        -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole \
>        -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
>        -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
>        -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec \
>        -Dtools.jar=/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
>        --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
>        --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
>        --classpath .:/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/tools.jar:/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.
>   ```
>
>   ```bash
>   $ ps aux | grep groovyConsole | grep -v grep
>   marslo           50495   0.0  3.4 11683536 577828   ??  S     5:50PM   0:15.85 /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns -Dgroovy.jaxb=jaxb -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-3.0.6.jar -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec -Dtools.jar=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter --main groovy.console.ui.Console --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf --classpath .:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.
>   ```
>
>   \==> which would be:
>
>   ```bash
>   /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java \
>           -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
>           -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns \
>           -Dgroovy.jaxb=jaxb \
>           -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-3.0.6.jar \
>           -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole \
>           -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
>           -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
>           -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec \
>           -Dtools.jar=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
>           --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
>           --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
>           --classpath .:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.
>   ```

```bash
$ cp /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns groovyConsole.app/Contents/Resources

$ cat > groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole << EOF
  -> #!/usr/bin/env bash
  ->
  -> JAVA_HOME="$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 21)"
  -> GROOVY_HOME="$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix groovy)/libexec"
  -> GROOVY_VERSION="$(/usr/bin/sed -rn 's/^[^:]+:[[:blank:]]?([[:digit:].]+)[[:blank:]]?.+$/\1/p' < <(${GROOVY_HOME}/bin/groovy --version))"
  ->
  -> "${JAVA_HOME}"/bin/java \
  ->   -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true \
  ->   -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
  ->   -Xdock:icon="${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy.icns \
  ->   -classpath "${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy-"${GROOVY_VERSION}".jar \
  ->   -Dscript.name="${GROOVY_HOME}"/bin/groovyConsole \
  ->   -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
  ->   -Dgroovy.starter.conf="${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
  ->   -Dgroovy.home="${GROOVY_HOME}" \
  ->   -Dtools.jar="${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
  ->   --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
  ->   --conf "${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
  ->   --classpath .:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/dt.jar:"${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib
  -> EOF

  # or HOMEBREW_PREFIX='/opt/homebrew'
  #!/usr/bin/env bash

  HOMEBREW_PREFIX='/opt/homebrew'
  JAVA_HOME="${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}"/opt/openjdk
  export JAVA_HOME
  GROOVY_HOME="$("${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}"/bin/brew --prefix groovy)/libexec"
  GROOVY_VERSION="$(/usr/bin/sed -rn 's/^[^:]+:[[:blank:]]?([[:digit:].]+)[[:blank:]]?.+$/\1/p' < <("${GROOVY_HOME}"/bin/groovy --version))"
  "${JAVA_HOME}"/bin/java \
      -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true \
      -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
      -Xdock:icon="${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy.icns \
      -classpath "${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy-"${GROOVY_VERSION}".jar \
      -Dscript.name="${GROOVY_HOME}"/bin/groovyConsole \
      -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
      -Dgroovy.starter.conf="${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
      -Dgroovy.home="${GROOVY_HOME}" \
      -Dtools.jar="${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
      --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
      --conf "${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
      --classpath .:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/dt.jar:"${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib:.

  # vim:tabstop=2:softtabstop=2:shiftwidth=2:expandtab:filetype=sh

  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#

  $ chmod +x groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole
  $ ls -1 groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/
  Automator Application Stub                    # ignore it
  groovyConsole                                 # ╮ <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
                                                # ╯ <string>groovyConsole</string>

  $ mv groovyConsole.app/ /Applications/
```

```bash
$ touch groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole
$ cat > groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole << EOF
  -> #!/usr/bin/env bash
  ->
  -> JAVA_HOME="$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix java)"
  -> # JAVA_HOME="$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix openjdk@17)"
  -> GROOVY_VERSION="$(/usr/local/bin/groovy --version | /usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin/sed -rn 's/^[^:]+:\s*([0-9\.]+).*$/\1/p')"
  -> GROOVY_HOME="$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix groovy)/libexec"
  ->
  -> "${JAVA_HOME}"/bin/java \
  ->     -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true \
  ->     -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
  ->     -Xdock:icon="${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy.icns \
  ->     -classpath "${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy-"${GROOVY_VERSION}".jar \
  ->     -Dscript.name="${GROOVY_HOME}"/bin/groovyConsole \
  ->     -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
  ->     -Dgroovy.starter.conf="${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
  ->     -Dgroovy.home="${GROOVY_HOME}" \
  ->     -Dtools.jar="${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar \
  ->     org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
  ->         --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
  ->         --conf "${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
  ->         --classpath .:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/dt.jar:"${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib:.
  -> EOF

# or
$ cat > groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole << EOF
  -> #!/bin/bash
  -> /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java \\
  ->         -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \\
  ->         -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns \\
  ->         -Dgroovy.jaxb=jaxb \\
  ->         -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-3.0.6.jar \\
  ->         -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole \\
  ->         -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \\
  ->         -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \\
  ->         -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec \\
  ->         -Dtools.jar=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \\
  ->         --main groovy.console.ui.Console \\
  ->         --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \\
  ->         --classpath .:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.
  -> EOF

$ chmod +x groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole
```

* try validate via execute `groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole` directly. to see whether if the groovyConsole will be opened.

  ![Automator.app » show in Alfred](/files/O4jHvBYUK6kFoogeXk5Q)

**modify `Info.plist`**

```bash
$ vim groovyConsole.app/Contents/Info.plist
...
<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
<string>groovyConsole</string>           « the script name to MacOS/groovyConsole
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>groovy</string>                  « for icon in Resources/groovy.icns
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>com.apple.groovyConsole</string>
...
```

* original

  ```bash
  <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
  <string>Application Stub</string>
  <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
  <string>AutomatorApplet</string>
  <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
  <string>com.apple.automator.groovyConsole</string>
  ```

**additional**

* set the icon for new app

  > \[!NOTE|label:optional]

  ```bash
  $ cp /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns groovyConsole.app/Contents/Resources

  # or
  $ ln -sf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns groovyConsole.app/Contents/Resources/groovy.icns
  ```
* create dmg

  ```bash
  $ hdiutil create -volname 'groovyConsole' \
                   -srcfolder ~/Desktop/groovyConsole.app \
                   -ov groovyConsole.dmg
  .......................
  created: /Users/marslo/Desktop/groovyConsole.dmg
  ```

#### python3 IDLE

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * `python-tk@version` is necessary for `IDLE` to work
>
>   ```bash
>   $ brew install python-tk@3.11
>   $ brew install python-tk@3.12
>   $ brew install python-tk@3.13
>   ```

**via automator.app**

* script

  > \[!TIP|label:tips:]
  >
  > * the IDLE python version is based on which python is linked to `/usr/local/bin/python3`

  ```bash
  #!/usr/bin/env bash

  set -euo pipefail

  PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION=$(/usr/bin/sed -rn 's/^([^[0-9]+)([0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*$/\2/p' < <(/usr/local/bin/python3 --version) )
  /usr/bin/open "$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix python@"${PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION}")"/IDLE\ 3.app

  # vim:tabstop=2:softtabstop=2:shiftwidth=2:expandtab:filetype=sh
  ```

  ![script in automator.app](/files/QEdz7nvUOtot3pwX5CM7)
* icon

  ```bash
  $ PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION=$(/usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin/sed -rn 's/^([^[0-9]+)([0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*$/\2/p' < <(/usr/local/bin/python3 --version) )
  $ cp "$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix python@${PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION})"/IDLE\ 3.app/Contents/Resources/IDLE.icns IDLE.app/Contents/Resources/

  # modify IDLE.app/Contents/Info.plist
  <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
  <string>IDLE</string>

  ## original
  <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
  <string>ApplicationStub</string>
  ```

  * others

    ```bash
    $ cat IDLE.app/Contents/Info.plist
    <key>CFBundleGetInfoString</key>
    <string>3.11.6, © 2001-2023 Python Software Foundation</string>
    <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
    <string>IDLE.icns</string>
    <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
    <string>org.python.IDLE</string>
    ```

**via appify**

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [\* splaisan/appify.sh](https://gist.github.com/splaisan/e4ebae891f6f26f86e75)
> * [advorak/appify.sh](https://gist.github.com/advorak/1403124)

* shell script

  ```bash
  $ cat > ~/IDLE << EOF
  #!/usr/bin/env bash

  PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION=$(/usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin/sed -rn 's/^([^[0-9]+)([0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*$/\2/p' < <(/usr/local/bin/python3 --version) )
  /usr/bin/open "$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix python@${PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION})"/IDLE\ 3.app
  EOF
  ```
* create app via appify

  ```bash
  $ icon=$(brew --prefix python@3.12)/IDLE\ 3.app/Contents/Resources/IDLE.icns
  $ ./appify.sh -i ${icon} -s IDLE -n IDLE
  $ mv IDLE.app /Applications
  ```

  ![IDLE.app](/files/pPp1VWkt6l56g9kv4SzE)
* more:
  * Info.plist

    ```xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
    <plist version="1.0">
    <dict>
      <key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
      <string>English</string>
      <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
      <string>IDLE</string>
      <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
      <string>IDLE</string>
      <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
      <string>com.apple.automator.Python3-IDLE</string>
      <key>CFBundleName</key>
      <string>Python3 IDLE</string>
      <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
      <string>APPL</string>
    </dict>
    </plist>
    ```

    ```xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
    <plist version="1.0">
    <dict>
      <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
      <string>IDLE</string>
      <key>CFBundleGetInfoString</key>
      <string>IDLE</string>
      <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
      <string>IDLE</string>
      <key>CFBundleName</key>
      <string>IDLE</string>
      <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
      <string>APPL</string>
      <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
      <string>org.python.IDLE</string>
    </dict>
    </plist>
    ```
  * [create dmg](#create-image)

    ```bash
    $ hdiutil create -volname IDLE -srcfolder ~/Desktop/IDLE.app -ov IDLE.dmg
    ....
    created: /Users/marslo/Desktop/IDLE.dmg
    ```
  * change default python3

    ```bash
    $ ln -sf /usr/local/bin/python3.12        /usr/local/bin/python3
    $ ln -sf /usr/local/bin/python3.12-config /usr/local/bin/python3-config

    # or
    $ brew unlink python@3.11
    $ brew unlink python@3.12
    $ brew link --force python@3.12

    # or
    $ brew link --force --overwrite python@3.12
    ```

#### [create dmg](#create-image)

### reset file associations

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [How to reset archive file associations to macOS defaults and get the default icons for archives?](https://discussions.apple.com/thread/251157128?answerId=252207174022\&sortBy=rank#252207174022)
> * [Removing obsolete file type associations from "Open With" menu](https://discussions.apple.com/thread/2608812?answerId=12400909022\&sortBy=rank#12400909022)

```bash
# reloading generators list
$ qlmanage -r

# resets the quicklook database
$ /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/LaunchServices.framework/Versions/A/Support/lsregister -kill -seed
# or
$ find /System/Library/Frameworks -type f -name "lsregister" -exec {} -kill -seed -r \;
```

### [add snippets for input](https://sspai.com/post/36203)

#### enable Technical Symbols

* Input Method ⇢ **Show emoji and symbols**

  ![show emoji & symbols](/files/EIChIwjIuNgPwlATCzI3)
* Open **Customized List** ⇢ **Technical Symbols**

  ![customized list](/files/I9uuf4r87mEwEBXE0mdc)

  ![technical symbols](/files/1OeYPBYRNSNo4KPFHiEA)

#### and snippets

* go to **System Preferences** ⇢ **Keyboard** ⇢ **Test**
* add snippets as below ![snippets](/files/26UaW0zyIVLQWy7N6XqQ)

#### finally

![test-1](/files/qqtQwL8CdLj0zcz1iWyf)

![test-2](/files/EQS23SaSR92SsJmoeuvM)

#### unicode hex input

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [3 Ways to Insert the Mac Command Symbol](https://instructionaltechtalk.com/3-ways-to-insert-the-mac-command-symbol/)

![unicode hex input](/files/1fY0wkjGhd00GU0pEax1)

**settings**

* click **input method** ⇢ **Open Keyboard Settings...**

  ![keyboard settings](/files/G2eTYIgFHFFJH9vBC5pp)
* click **+** ⇢ **Others** ⇢ **Unicode Hex Input**

  ![unicode hex input](/files/CPuzOf4QInwjLgoAHm5k)

### others

#### [install font](https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/kj0prs/comment/ggvwadd/?utm_source=share\&utm_medium=web2x\&context=3)

```bash
$ curl --create-dirs \
       -O \
       --output-dir ~/.fonts \
       https://dtinth.github.io/comic-mono-font/ComicMono.ttf && \
  curl --create-dirs \
       -O \
       --output-dir ~/.fonts \
       https://dtinth.github.io/comic-mono-font/ComicMono-Bold.ttf &&
  fc-cache -f -v
```

#### create image

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [How do I create a nice-looking DMG for Mac OS X using command-line tools?](https://stackoverflow.com/a/1513578/2940319)
> * [andreyvit/create-dmg](https://github.com/andreyvit/create-dmg)
> * [LinusU/node-appdmg](https://github.com/LinusU/node-appdmg)
> * [Mac打包dmg文件(更换背景图)](https://blog.csdn.net/u011236348/article/details/88772966)

**background images**

![image 1](https://github.com/marslo/mytools/raw/main/osx/Applications/dmg-backgound/.background.1.png)

![image 2](https://github.com/marslo/mytools/raw/main/osx/Applications/dmg-backgound/.background.2.png)

![image 3](https://github.com/marslo/mytools/raw/main/osx/Applications/dmg-backgound/.background.3.png)

**create dmg from app**

* via `hdiutil`

  > \[!NOTE|label:references:]
  >
  > * `-format`:
  >   * `UDRW`: read/write image
  >   * `UDRO`: read-only image
  >   * `UDCO`: ADC-compressed image
  >   * `UDZO`: zlib-compressed image
  >   * `UDBZ`: bzip2-compressed image
  >   * `ULFO`: lzfse-compressed image, introduced in macOS 10.11
  >   * `ULMO`: lzma-compressed image, introduced in macOS 10.15
  >   * `UDTO`: DVD/CD-R master for export
  >   * `UDSP`: SPARSE (grows with content)
  >   * `UDSB`: SPARSEBUNDLE (grows with content; bundle-backed)
  >   * `UFBI`: UDIF entire image with MD5 checksum

  ```bash
  $ hdiutil create -srcfolder "/Applications/Python3 IDLE.app" \
                   -volname 'Python3 IDLE' \
                   -fs HFS+ \
                   -fsargs "-c c=64,a=16,e=16" \
                   -format UDRW \
                   "Python3 IDLE.dmg" [ --debug ] [ --verbose ]

  # or
  $ hdiutil create -volname "Volume Name" \
                   -srcfolder /path/to/folder \
                   -ov diskimage.dmg

  # create encrypted image
  $ hdiutil create encrypted.dmg
                   -encryption AES-128 \
                   -stdinpass \
                   -volname "Volume Name" \
                   -srcfolder /path/to/folder \
                   -ov                       # overwrite any existing files
  # i.e.:
  $ hdiutil create mEncrypted.dmg \
                   -encryption \
                   -size 1g \
                   -volname "mEncrypted Disk Image" \
                   -fs JHFS+ \
                   -srcfolder /path/to/folder \
  Enter a new password to secure "mEncrypted.dmg":
  Re-enter new password:
  ....
  created: /Users/marslo/Desktop/mEncrypted.dmg

  # create read/write image with specific size
  $ hdiutil create ~/Desktop/mTest.dmg \
            -volname "Marslo Test" \
            -srcfolder ~/Desktop/mTest \
            -size 1g \
            -format UDRW                     # UDRW: read/write image
  ```

  ![hdiutil create image](/files/giHmI3T6r3PJcHTC13Es)

  ![hdiutil create encrypted image](/files/7bcQ3dz6vdQd1887wGmx)
* via `create-dmg`

  ```bash
  $ brew install create-dmg
  $ create-dmg --volname 'Python3 IDLE' \
               --volicon /opt/dmg-backgound/.idle.icns \
               --background /opt/dmg-backgound/.background.2.png \
               --icon 'Python3 IDLE.app' 225 275 \
               --app-drop-link 525 270 \
               --window-size 750 500 \
               --hide-extension 'Python3 IDLE.app' \
               'Python3 IDLE.dmg' '/Applications/Python3 IDLE.app'
  ```

  ![create-dmg](/files/PZtXtVBXiqdhevHfKxPV)

**create dvd (for .iso, .img, .dmg)**

```bash
$ hdiutil burn /path/to/image_file
```

**create dmg for OS installer**

```bash
$ sudo hdiutil create ~/Desktop/Lion.dmg -srcdevice /dev/disk2s4
```

**resize the disk image**

```bash
$ hdiutil resize -size <new size> <imagename>.dmg

# or
$ hdiutil resize -size 2g mEncrypted.dmg
```

**restore disk images**

```bash
$ sudo asr restore --source <disk image>.dmg --target /Volumes/<volume name>
```

#### extract

* `.pkg`

  > \[!NOTE|label:references:]
  >
  > * [How can I open a .pkg file manually?](https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/309591/254265)

  ```bash
  $ xar -xvf foo.pkg
  ```
* `.dmg`

  ```bash
  $ 7z x foo.dmg

  # or
  $ hdiutil attach foo.dmg
  ```

#### disk

{% hint style="info" %}

> reference:
>
> * [Disk Management From the Command-Line, Part 1](http://www.theinstructional.com/guides/disk-management-from-the-command-line-part-1)
> * [Disk Management From the Command-Line, Part 2](http://www.theinstructional.com/guides/disk-management-from-the-command-line-part-2)
> * [Disk Management From the Command-Line, Part 3](http://www.theinstructional.com/guides/disk-management-from-the-command-line-part-3)
>   {% endhint %}

**list disks and volumns**

```bash
$ diskutil list

# or
$ diskutil list disk1

# or via `lsblk`: https://command-not-found.com/lsblk
$ docker run cmd.cat/lsblk lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda    254:0    0  16G  0 disk
└─vda1 254:1    0  16G  0 part /etc/hosts

# or via `lshw`: https://command-not-found.com/lshw
$ docker run cmd.cat/lshw lshw -class disk
  *-virtio1
       description: Virtual I/O device
       physical id: 0
       bus info: virtio@1
       logical name: vda
       configuration: driver=virtio_blk

# or
$ system_profiler SPStorageDataType
```

**check volumn info**

```bash
$ diskutil info <path/to/volumn>
# i.e.:
$ diskutil info /Volumes/iMarsloOSX/
   Device Identifier:         disk1s5
   Device Node:               /dev/disk1s5
   Whole:                     No
   Part of Whole:             disk1

   Volume Name:               iMarsloOSX
   Mounted:                   Yes
   Mount Point:               /
```

**list the apfs info**

```bash
$ diskutil apfs list
APFS Container (1 found)
|
+-- Container disk1 ********-****-****-****-************
    ====================================================
    APFS Container Reference:     disk1
    Size (Capacity Ceiling):      250685575168 B (250.7 GB)
    Capacity In Use By Volumes:   176258826240 B (176.3 GB) (70.3% used)
    Capacity Not Allocated:       74426748928 B (74.4 GB) (29.7% free)
    |
    +-< Physical Store...>
    |
    +-> ...

$ diskutil apfs list
APFS Containers (3 found)
|
+-- Container disk3 8FD21D62-C7F0-4554-B7C7-AE85BE52D8AA
    ====================================================
    APFS Container Reference:     disk3
    Size (Capacity Ceiling):      494384795648 B (494.4 GB)
    Capacity In Use By Volumes:   289735741440 B (289.7 GB) (58.6% used)
    Capacity Not Allocated:       204649054208 B (204.6 GB) (41.4% free)
    |
    +-< Physical Store disk0s2 1*******-****-****-****-***********8
    |   -----------------------------------------------------------
    |   APFS Physical Store Disk:   disk0s2
    |   Size:                       494384795648 B (494.4 GB)
    |
    +-> Volume disk3s1 2*******-****-****-****-***********E
        ---------------------------------------------------
        APFS Volume Disk (Role):   disk3s1 (Data)
        Name:                      Macintosh HD - Data (Case-insensitive)
        Mount Point:               /System/Volumes/Data
        Capacity Consumed:         256742236160 B (256.7 GB)
        Sealed:                    No
        FileVault:                 Yes (Unlocked)
```

**create volume for case-sensitive APFS**

> \[!NOTE]
>
> * volume name: `CaseSensitive`
> * volume size: `4000m` (4GB)
> * disk identifier: `disk3`
> * case-sensitive:

| CASE SENSITIVE | CASE INSENSITIVE |
| :------------: | :--------------: |
|      APFSX     |       APFS       |

```bash
# for case-sensitive APFS
$ diskutil apfs addVolume disk3 APFSX CaseSensitive -quota 4000m

# remove
$ diskutil unmount /Volumes/CaseSensitive
$ diskutil apfs deleteVolume disk3s7
```

**erase disk**

| File System                 | Abbreviation |
| --------------------------- | :----------: |
| Mac OS Extended (Journaled) |    `JHFS+`   |
| Mac OS Extended             |    `HFS+`    |
| MS-DOS fat32                |    `FAT32`   |
| ExFAT                       |    `ExFAT`   |

* to list file systems

  ```bash
  $ diskutil listFilesystems
  ...
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  PERSONALITY                     USER VISIBLE NAME
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Case-sensitive APFS             APFS (Case-sensitive)
    (or) APFSX
  APFS                            APFS
    (or) APFSI
  ExFAT                           ExFAT
  Free Space                      Free Space
    (or) FREE
  MS-DOS                          MS-DOS (FAT)
  MS-DOS FAT12                    MS-DOS (FAT12)
  MS-DOS FAT16                    MS-DOS (FAT16)
  MS-DOS FAT32                    MS-DOS (FAT32)
    (or) FAT32
  HFS+                            Mac OS Extended
  Case-sensitive HFS+             Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive)
    (or) HFSX
  Case-sensitive Journaled HFS+   Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive, Journaled)
    (or) JHFSX
  Journaled HFS+                  Mac OS Extended (Journaled)
    (or) JHFS+
  UFSD_NTFS                       Microsoft NTFS
  ```

  ```bash
  $ diskutil eraseDisk ExFAT iMarsloUSB /dev/disk2
  Started erase on disk2
  Unmounting disk
  Creating the partition map
  Waiting for partitions to activate
  Formatting disk2s2 as ExFAT with name iMarsloUSB
  Volume name      : iMarsloUSB
  Partition offset : 411648 sectors (210763776 bytes)
  Volume size      : 246534144 sectors (126225481728 bytes)
  Bytes per sector : 512
  Bytes per cluster: 131072
  FAT offset       : 2048 sectors (1048576 bytes)
  # FAT sectors    : 8192
  Number of FATs   : 1
  Cluster offset   : 10240 sectors (5242880 bytes)
  # Clusters       : 962984
  Volume Serial #  : 5ff81490
  Bitmap start     : 2
  Bitmap file size : 120373
  Upcase start     : 3
  Upcase file size : 5836
  Root start       : 4
  Mounting disk
  Finished erase on disk2
  ```

  ```bash
  $ diskutil info disk2s1
     Device Identifier:         disk2s1
     Device Node:               /dev/disk2s1
     Whole:                     No
     Part of Whole:             disk2

     Volume Name:               EFI
     Mounted:                   No

     Partition Type:            EFI
     File System Personality:   MS-DOS FAT32
     Type (Bundle):             msdos
     Name (User Visible):       MS-DOS (FAT32)
     ...
     ...

  $ diskutil info disk2s2
     Device Identifier:         disk2s2
     Device Node:               /dev/disk2s2
     Whole:                     No
     Part of Whole:             disk2

     Volume Name:               iMarsloUSB
     Mounted:                   Yes
     Mount Point:               /Volumes/iMarsloUSB

     Partition Type:            Microsoft Basic Data
     File System Personality:   ExFAT
     Type (Bundle):             exfat
     Name (User Visible):       ExFAT
     ...
     ...
  ```

**verifying and repairing volumes**

```bash
$ diskutil verifyVolume /Volumes/<volume name>
$ diskutil repairVolume /Volumes/<volume name>
```

**rename volume**

```bash
$ diskutil rename "<current name of volume>" "<new name>"
```

**partitioning a disk**

{% hint style="info" %}

> reference:
>
> * `GPT`: GUID Partition Table
> * `APM`: Apple Partition Map
> * `MBR`: Master Boot Records
>   {% endhint %}

```bash
$ diskutil partitionDisk /dev/disk2 GPT JHFS+ New 0b
```

* multiple partitions

  ```bash
  $ diskutil partitionDisk /dev/disk2 GPT \
             JHFS+ First 10g \
             JHFS+ Second 10g \
             JHFS+ Third 10g \
             JHFS+ Fourth 10g \
             JHFS+ Fifth 0b
  ```
* splitting partitions

  ```bash
  $ diskutil splitPartition /dev/disk2s6 \
             JHFS+ Test 10GB \
             JHFS+ Test2 0b
  ```
* merging partitions

  ```bash
  $ diskutil mergePartitions \
             JHFS+ \
             NewName \
             <first disk identifier in range> \
             <last disk identifier in range>
  # i.e.:
  $ diskutil mergePartitions JHFS+ NewName disk2s4 disk2s6
  ```

[**check usb**](https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/170118/254265)

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [tips and tricks](https://gist.github.com/dive/3070807)
> * [`system_profiler -usage`](https://gist.github.com/dive/3070807)

```bash
$ system_profiler SPUSBDataType

# get xml format
$ system_profiler -xml SPUSBDataType

# or
$ ioreg -p IOUSB

# or
$ ioreg -p IOUSB -w0 -l

# or get device name
$ ioreg -p IOUSB -w0 | sed 's/[^o]*o //; s/@.*$//' | grep -v '^Root.*'
```

#### modify font in plist

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [How to read plist information (bundle id) from a shell script](https://stackoverflow.com/a/56238780/2940319)

```bash
# check
$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c 'print ":/groovy/console/ui/:fontSize"' ~/Library/Preferences/groovy.console.ui.plist
18

# change
$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c 'Set ":/groovy/console/ui/:fontSize" 24' ~/Library/Preferences/groovy.console.ui.plist
$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c 'Print ":/groovy/console/ui/:fontSize"'  ~/Library/Preferences/groovy.console.ui.plist
24
```

```bash
$ defaults read ~/Library/Preferences/groovy.console.ui.plist
{
    "/groovy/console/ui/" =     {
        autoClearOutput = true;
        compilerPhase = 4;
        currentFileChooserDir = "/Users/marslo/Desktop";
        decompiledFontSize = 12;
        fontSize = 18;
        frameHeight = 600;
        frameWidth = 800;
        frameX = 198;
        frameY = 201;
        horizontalSplitterLocation = 100;
        inputAreaHeight = 576;
        inputAreaWidth = 1622;
        outputAreaHeight = 354;
        outputAreaWidth = 1676;
        showClosureClasses = false;
        showIndyBytecode = false;
        showScriptClass = true;
        showScriptFreeForm = false;
        showScriptInOutput = false;
        showTreeView = true;
        threadInterrupt = true;
        verticalSplitterLocation = 100;
    };
}
```

#### show process details

![activity monitor](/files/UtQepOywlCuOQVn9bmoZ)

#### `/usr/bin/xattr`

> \[!NOTE|label:references:]
>
> * [xattr](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/macintosh-terminal-pocket/9781449328962/re38.html)
> * [How do I remove the "extended attributes" on a file in Mac OS X?](https://stackoverflow.com/a/58616002/2940319)

* init

  ```bash
  $ touch test.txt
  $ /usr/bin/xattr -l test.txt
  ```
* create attributes

  ```bash
  $ /usr/bin/xattr -w com.example.color blue test.txt
  $ /usr/bin/xattr -l test.txt
  com.example.color: blue
  ```
* print attributes

  ```bash
  $ /usr/bin/xattr -p com.example.color test.txt
  blue
  ```
* clear attributes

  ```bash
  $ /usr/bin/xattr -d com.example.color test.txt

  # or
  $ /usr/bin/xattr -c test.txt
  ```

### tips

#### shutdown mac via commands

```bash
$ osascript -e 'tell app 'loginwindow' to «event aevtrsdn»'
```

#### [alert on mac when server is up](https://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/2853/alert-on-mac-when-server-is-up)

```bash
$ ping -o -i 30 HOSTNAME && osascript -e 'tell app "Terminal" to display dialog "Server is up" buttons "It?s about time" default button 1'
```

#### [turn off the screen without sleeping](https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/266103/254265)

```bash
$ pmset displaysleepnow
```

* sleep

  ```bash
  $ pmset sleepnow
  ```
* lock

  ```bash
  $ pmset lock
  ```

#### disable startup music

```bash
$ sudo nvram SystemAudioVolume=" "
```

#### 3D lock screen

```bash
$ /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/User.menu/Contents/Resources/CGSession -suspend
```

#### take screenshot after 3 sec

```bash
$ screencapture -T 3 -t jpg -P delayedpic.jpg
```

#### setup welcome text in login screen

```bash
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow LoginwindowText 'Awesome Marslo!!'
```

#### show message on desktop

```bash
$ sudo jamf displayMessage -message "Hello World!"
```

#### [launch iOS simulator](https://medium.com/@abrisad_it/how-to-launch-ios-simulator-and-android-emulator-on-mac-cd198295532e)

```bash
$ xcrun simctl list
$ open -a Simulator --args -CurrentDeviceUDID <your device UDID>
```

* install the application on the device

  ```bash
  $ xcrun simctl install <your device UDID> <path to application bundle>
  $ xcrun simctl launch <your device UDID> <app bundle identifier>
  ```

  * or

    ```bash
    $ open -a Simulator.app
    ```
  * or

    ```bash
    $ open /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Applications/Simulator.app
    ```

#### show startup launch apps

```bash
$ launchctl list
```

#### check detail diskage usage

```bash
$ sudo fs_usage
21:03:47  ioctl        0.000003   iTerm2
21:03:47  ioctl        0.000003   iTerm2
21:03:47  close        0.000031   privoxy
21:03:47  select       0.000004   privoxy
...
```

### notch

> \[!TIP|label:references:]
>
> * [MacBook 刘海（Notch）增强工具推荐](https://utgd.net/article/20546)
> * [\* How to fix Mac menu bar icons hidden by the MacBook notch](https://www.jessesquires.com/blog/2023/12/16/macbook-notch-and-menu-bar-fixes/)
> * [PSA: Reduce your menu bar spacing to fit more items](https://www.reddit.com/r/MacOS/comments/1dfu8w0/psa_reduce_your_menu_bar_spacing_to_fit_more_items/)
> * [Change the Menu Bar Item Spacing](https://www.reddit.com/r/MacOS/comments/vx7wb1/change_the_menu_bar_item_spacing/)
> * [2021 Macbook Pro 16" / 14" Menu Bar Size Limitation (Result of Display Notch)](https://discussions.apple.com/thread/253299524?sortBy=rank)

#### reduce the menu bar item spacing

* read status

  ```bash
  $ defaults -currentHost read -globalDomain NSStatusItemSpacing
  $ defaults -currentHost read -globalDomain NSStatusItemSelectionPadding
  ```
* setup spacing

  ```bash
  $ defaults -currentHost write -globalDomain NSStatusItemSpacing -int 12
  $ defaults -currentHost write -globalDomain NSStatusItemSelectionPadding -int 8
  $ killall SystemUIServer
  ```
* revert

  ```bash
  $ defaults -currentHost delete -globalDomain NSStatusItemSpacing
  $ defaults -currentHost delete -globalDomain NSStatusItemSelectionPadding
  $ killall SystemUIServer
  ```