nutshell

• terminal

  • terminal info

  • reset terminal

• tput

• stty

• tty ( teletypewriter )

• tabs

terminal

[!NOTE]

• bash-hackers.org

• terminfo Directory

• man terminfo

• man infocmp

• man term

• man tset/reset

• stty

• tty

• ttys

terminal info

references:

• How To Install rxvt-unicode-terminfo on CentOS 8

• list info

  $ terminfo -f
  $ terminfo -W

reset terminal

[!NOTE]

• Shell does not show typed-in commands, what do I do to fix it?

• Fix a messed up terminal

$ stty sane
# or
$ stty echo

# or
$ reset
# or
$ tset

tput

[!NOTE]

• tput

• * tput: Portable Terminal Control

• controlling

CAPNAME	DESCRIPTION
sc	Save the cursor position
rc	Restore the cursor position
home	Move the cursor to upper left corner (0,0)
cup <row> <col>	Move the cursor to position row, col
cud1	Move the cursor down 1 line
cuu1	Move the cursor up 1 line
civis	Set to cursor to be invisible
cnorm	Set the cursor to its normal state

• text effects

CAPNAME	DESCRIPTION
bold	Start bold text
smul	Start underlined text
rmul	End underlined text
rev	Start reverse video
blink	Start blinking text
invis	Start invisible text
smso	Start “standout” mode
rmso	End “standout” mode
sgr0	Turn off all attributes
setaf <value>	Set foreground color
setab <value>	Set background color

• Text Color

VALUE	COLOR
0	Black
1	Red
2	Green
3	Yellow
4	Blue
5	Magenta
6	Cyan
7	White
8	Not used
9	Reset to default color

• Clearing the Screen

CAPNAME	DESCRIPTION
smcup	Save screen contents
rmcup	Restore screen contents
el	Clear from the cursor to the end of the line
el1	Clear from the cursor to the beginning of the line
ed	Clear from the cursor to the end of the screen
clear	Clear the entire screen and home the cursor

• cursor action:

Name	Termcap Equiv.	Description
civis	vi	Make cursor invisible
cvvis	vs	Make cursor very visible
cnorm	ve	Make cursor normal (undo cvvis' & civis)'
cuf	RI	Move cursor right #1 spaces (P*)
cuf1	nd	Move cursor right one space
cub	LE	Move cursor left #1 spaces (P)
cub1	le	Move cursor left one space
cuu	UP	Move cursor up #1 lines (P*)
cuu1	up	Move cursor up one line
cud	DO	Move cursor down #1 lines (P*)
cud1	do	Move cursor down one line
cup	cm	Move cursor to row #1, column #2 of screen (P)
mrcup	CM	Move cursor to row #1, column #2 of memory (P)
vpa	cv	Move cursor to row #1 (P)
hpa	ch	Move cursor to column #1 (P)
home	ho	Home cursor (if no `cup')
hd	hd	Move cursor down one-half line
hu	hu	Move cursor up one-half line
sc	sc	Save cursor position
rc	rc	Restore cursor to position of last `sc'
sgr0	me	Turn off all attributes
ll	ll	Go to last line, first column (if no cup)

• samples

  • AdaRoseCannon/todo-repl

  • slumos/xtctl

  • zhgqthomas/ssr-install.sh

  • izabera/mappings

• move sequence to top

  $ tput home
  # or
  $ tput cup 0 0
  # or
  $ tput cup %py %px >/dev/tty

• show info

  $ tput -T screen longname
  VT 100/ANSI X3.64 virtual terminal
  
  $ tput longname
  xterm with 256 colors
  
  $ echo "Rows=$(tput lines) Cols=$(tput cols)"
  Rows=30 Cols=104

• set cursor

  # invisible
  $ tput civis
  # normal
  $ tput cnorm

• text color

  for fg_color in {0..255}; do
    set_foreground=$(tput setaf $fg_color)
    for bg_color in {0..7}; do
        set_background=$(tput setab $bg_color)
        echo -n $set_background$set_foreground
        printf ' F:%s B:%s ' $fg_color $bg_color
    done
    echo $(tput sgr0)
  done

  • PS1

    [!NOTE|label:references:]

    • How can I print text in various colors?

    red=$(tput setaf 1)
    green=$(tput setaf 2)
    blue=$(tput setaf 4)
    reset=$(tput sgr0)
    PS1='\[$red\]\u\[$reset\]@\[$green\]\h\[$reset\]:\[$blue\]\w\[$reset\]\$ '

• shows tput processing in one invocation

  $ tput -S <<!
    clear
    cup 10 10
    bold
    !
  
  # or
  $ tput -S <<EOF
    sc
    cup $line $column
    rev
    EOF
  %p1%d;%p2%dH

• print in center of line

  COLUMNS=`tput cols` export COLUMNS # Get screen width.
  echo "$@" | awk '
  { spaces = ('$COLUMNS' - length) / 2
    while (spaces-- > 0) printf (" ")
    print
  }'

• print in center of terminal

  COLUMNS=`tput cols`
  LINES=`tput lines`
  line=`expr $LINES / 2`
  column=`expr \( $COLUMNS - 6 \) / 2`
  tput sc
  tput cup $line $column
  tput rev
  echo 'Hello, World'
  tput sgr0
  tput rc

• tput_menu : script for clean screen

  BG_BLUE="$(tput setab 4)"
  BG_BLACK="$(tput setab 0)"
  FG_GREEN="$(tput setaf 2)"
  FG_WHITE="$(tput setaf 7)"
  
  # save screen
  tput smcup
  
  # display menu until selection == 0
  while [[ $REPLY != 0 ]]; do
    echo -n ${BG_BLUE}${FG_WHITE}
    clear
    cat <<- _EOF_
      Please Select:
  
      1. Display Hostname and Uptime
      2. Display Disk Space
      3. Display Home Space Utilization
      0. Quit
  
  _EOF_
  
    read -p "Enter selection [0-3] > " selection
  
    # clear area beneath menu
    tput cup 10 0
    echo -n ${BG_BLACK}${FG_GREEN}
    tput ed
    tput cup 11 0
  
    # act on selection
    case $selection in
      1)  echo "Hostname: $HOSTNAME"
          uptime
          ;;
      2)  df -h
          ;;
      3)  if [[ $(id -u) -eq 0 ]]; then
            echo "Home Space Utilization (All Users)"
            du -sh /home/* 2> /dev/null
          else
            echo "Home Space Utilization ($USER)"
            du -s $HOME/* 2> /dev/null | sort -nr
          fi
          ;;
      0)  break
          ;;
      *)  echo "Invalid entry."
          ;;
    esac
    printf "\n\npress any key to continue."
    read -n 1
  done
  
  # restore screen
  tput rmcup
  echo "Program terminated."

• now

  [!NOTE]

  • now bash script

  • now bash script

  

  now date time

  #!/usr/bin/env bash
  
  dataColumn=1
  timeColumn=27
  tput sc                    # save cursor position.
  
  #--------- DATE -------------------------------------------------------------
  tput rc                    # restore saved cursor position.
  cal | tr -cd '\11\12\15\40\60-\136\140-\176' > /tmp/terminal
  
  calLineCnt=1
  Today=$(date +"%e")
  
  printf "\033[32m"           # color green -- see list above.
  
  while IFS= read -r Cal; do
    printf "%s" "$Cal"
    if [[ $calLineCnt -gt 2 ]] ; then
      tput cub 22                   # see if today is on current line & invert background
      for (( j=0 ; j <= 18 ; j += 3 )) ; do
        Test=${Cal:$j:2}            # Current day on calendar line
        if [[ "$Test" == "$Today" ]] ; then
          printf "\033[7m"          # reverse: [7m
          printf "%s" "$Today"
          printf "\033[0m"          # normal: [0m
          printf "\033[32m"         # color green -- see list above.
          tput cuf 1
        else
          tput cuf 3
        fi
      done
    fi
  
    tput cud1                 # down one line
    tput cuf $dataColumn      # move 27 columns right
    calLineCnt=$((++calLineCnt))
  done < /tmp/terminal
  
  printf "\033[00m"           # color -- bright white (default)
  echo ""
  
  tput rc                     # restore saved cursor position.
  
  #-------- TIME --------------------------------------------------------------
  
  tput sc                     # save cursor position.
  tput cuu 7                  # move up 9 lines
  tput cuf $timeColumn        # move 49 columns right
  
  if hash toilet 2>/dev/null; then                          # if has toilet
     date +"%I:%M %P" | toilet -f future  > /tmp/terminal
  elif hash figlet 2>/dev/null; then                        # if has figlet
     date +"%I:%M %P" | figlet > /tmp/terminal
  else
     date +"%I:%M %P" > /tmp/terminal
  fi
  
  while IFS= read -r Time; do
    printf "\033[01;36m"    # color cyan
    printf "%s" "$Time"
    tput cud1               # Up one line
    tput cuf $timeColumn    # Move 49 columns right
  done < /tmp/terminal
  
  tput rc                     # Restore saved cursor position.
  
  exit 0

stty

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• 19.2 stty: Print or change terminal characteristics

• Shell does not show typed-in commands, what do I do to fix it?

• stty : set or display terminal options

• Linux in a Nutshell.pdf

• man pages section 1: User Commands: stty (1g)

• Local Modes

OPTION	COMMENTS
echo	Echoes every character typed.
-echo	Does not echo characters.
echoctl	Echoes control characters as ^X (Ctrl-X), where X is the character given by adding 100 octal to the code of the control character.
-echoctl	Does not echo control characters as ^X (Ctrl-X).
echoe	Echoes the ERASE character as the "backspace space backspace" string.
-echoe	Does not echo the ERASE character, just backspace.
echok	Echoes a NL character after a KILL character.
-echok	Does not echo a NL character after a KILL character.
echoke	Echoes the KILL character by erasing each character on the output line.
-echoke	Just echoes the KILL character.
echonl	Echoes the NL character.
-echonl	Does not echo the NL character.
echoprt	Echoes erased characters backwards with / (slash) and \ (backslash).
-echoprt	Does not echo erased characters backwards with / (slash) and \ (backslash).
icanon	Enables canonical input (canonical input allows input-line editing with the ERASE and KILL characters). See the discussion about canonical mode input in Line Discipline Module (ldterm) AIX Version 4.3 Communications Programming Concepts.
-icanon	Disables canonical input.
iexten	Specifies that implementation-defined functions shall be recognized from the input data. Recognition of the following control characters requires iexten to be set: eol2, dsusp, reprint, discard, werase, lnext. The functions associated with these modes also require iexten to be set: imaxbel, echoke, echoprt, and echoctl.
-iexten	Specifies that implementation-defined functions shall not be recognized from the input data.
isig	Enables the checking of characters against the special control characters INTR, SUSP and QUIT special control characters.
-isig	Disables the checking of characters against the special control characters INTR, SUSP and QUIT special control characters.
noflsh	Does not clear buffers after INTR, SUSP, or QUIT control characters.
-noflsh	Clears buffers after INTR, SUSP, or QUIT control characters.
pending	Causes any input that is pending after a switch from raw to canonical mode to be re-input the next time a read operation becomes pending or the next time input arrives. Pending is an internal state bit.
-pending	No text is pending.
tostop	Signals SIGTOU for background output.
-tostop	Does not signal SIGTOU for background output.
xcase	Echoes uppercase characters on input, and displays uppercase characters on output with a preceding \ (backslash).
-xcase	Does not echo uppercase characters on input.

• show all

  $ stty -a
  speed 38400 baud; rows 30; columns 104;
  intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = <undef>; eol2 = <undef>; start = ^Q;
  stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; dsusp = ^Y; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; discard = ^O; status = ^T;
  min = 1; time = 0;
  -parenb -parodd cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts
  -ignbrk brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl -ixon ixoff ixany imaxbel iutf8
  opost -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
  isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke -flusho -extproc

• show size

  $ stty size
  30 104

• enable/disable echo

  $ stty echo    # or stty sane
  $ stty -echo

tty ( teletypewriter )

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• 19.4 tty: Print file name of terminal on standard input

• What are pseudo terminals (pty/tty)?

• The TTY demystified | 解密tty

• 终端、Shell、tty 和控制台（console）有什么区别？

• Linux终端和Line discipline图解

• 彻底理解Linux的各种终端类型以及概念

• printf的归宿-数据打印到哪儿了

tabs

[!NOTE|label:references]

• tabs: Setting Terminal Tabs