> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/handbook/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://imarslo.gitbook.io/handbook/basic/nutshell.md). # nutshell * [terminal](#terminal) * [terminal info](#terminal-info) * [reset terminal](#reset-terminal) * [`tput`](#tput) * [`stty`](#stty) * [`tty` ( teletypewriter )](#tty--teletypewriter-) * [`tabs`](#tabs) ### terminal > \[!NOTE] > > * [bash-hackers.org](https://github.com/marslo/ibook/blob/marslo/docs/linux/bash-hackers.org) > * [terminfo Directory](https://sites.ualberta.ca/dept/chemeng/AIX-43/share/man/info/C/a_doc_lib/files/aixfiles/terminfo.htm#A72P01a) > * [man terminfo](https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/terminfo.5.html) > * [man infocmp](https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/infocmp.1m.html) > * [man term](https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/term.7.html) > * [man tset/reset](https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/man/tset.1.html) > * [stty](https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/stty.html) > * [tty](https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tty\&apropos=0\&sektion=4\&manpath=SunOS+4.1.3\&arch=default\&format=html) > * [ttys](https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ttys\&apropos=0\&sektion=5\&manpath=SunOS+4.1.3\&arch=default\&format=html) #### terminal info {% hint style="info" %} > references: > > * [How To Install rxvt-unicode-terminfo on CentOS 8](https://installati.one/centos/8/rxvt-unicode-terminfo/) > {% endhint %} * list info ```bash $ terminfo -f $ terminfo -W ``` #### reset terminal > \[!NOTE] > > * [Shell does not show typed-in commands, what do I do to fix it?](https://askubuntu.com/a/1238357/92979) > * [Fix a messed up terminal](https://yalneb.blogspot.com/2016/05/fix-messed-up-terminal.html) ```bash $ stty sane # or $ stty echo # or $ reset # or $ tset ``` ### `tput` > \[!NOTE] > > * [tput](https://linuxcommand.org/lc3_adv_tput.php) > * [\* tput: Portable Terminal Control](https://www.gnu.org/software/termutils/manual/termutils-2.0/html_chapter/tput_1.html) > * controlling | CAPNAME | DESCRIPTION | | :---------------: | ------------------------------------------ | | `sc` | Save the cursor position | | `rc` | Restore the cursor position | | `home` | Move the cursor to upper left corner (0,0) | | `cup ` | Move the cursor to position row, col | | `cud1` | Move the cursor down 1 line | | `cuu1` | Move the cursor up 1 line | | `civis` | Set to cursor to be invisible | | `cnorm` | Set the cursor to its normal state | > * [text effects](https://linuxcommand.org/lc3_adv_tput.php) | CAPNAME | DESCRIPTION | | :-------------: | ----------------------- | | `bold` | Start bold text | | `smul` | Start underlined text | | `rmul` | End underlined text | | `rev` | Start reverse video | | `blink` | Start blinking text | | `invis` | Start invisible text | | `smso` | Start “standout” mode | | `rmso` | End “standout” mode | | `sgr0` | Turn off all attributes | | `setaf ` | Set foreground color | | `setab ` | Set background color | > * [Text Color](https://linuxcommand.org/lc3_adv_tput.php) | VALUE | COLOR | | :---: | ---------------------- | | `0` | Black | | `1` | Red | | `2` | Green | | `3` | Yellow | | `4` | Blue | | `5` | Magenta | | `6` | Cyan | | `7` | White | | `8` | Not used | | `9` | Reset to default color | > * [Clearing the Screen](https://linuxcommand.org/lc3_adv_tput.php) | CAPNAME | DESCRIPTION | | :-----: | -------------------------------------------------- | | `smcup` | Save screen contents | | `rmcup` | Restore screen contents | | `el` | Clear from the cursor to the end of the line | | `el1` | Clear from the cursor to the beginning of the line | | `ed` | Clear from the cursor to the end of the screen | | `clear` | Clear the entire screen and home the cursor | > * cursor action: | Name | Termcap Equiv. | Description | | :-----: | :------------: | ---------------------------------------------- | | `civis` | `vi` | Make cursor invisible | | `cvvis` | `vs` | Make cursor very visible | | `cnorm` | `ve` | Make cursor normal (undo `cvvis' &` civis)' | | `cuf` | `RI` | Move cursor right #1 spaces (P\*) | | `cuf1` | `nd` | Move cursor right one space | | `cub` | `LE` | Move cursor left #1 spaces (P) | | `cub1` | `le` | Move cursor left one space | | `cuu` | `UP` | Move cursor up #1 lines (P\*) | | `cuu1` | `up` | Move cursor up one line | | `cud` | `DO` | Move cursor down #1 lines (P\*) | | `cud1` | `do` | Move cursor down one line | | `cup` | `cm` | Move cursor to row #1, column #2 of screen (P) | | `mrcup` | `CM` | Move cursor to row #1, column #2 of memory (P) | | `vpa` | `cv` | Move cursor to row #1 (P) | | `hpa` | `ch` | Move cursor to column #1 (P) | | `home` | `ho` | Home cursor (if no \`cup') | | `hd` | `hd` | Move cursor down one-half line | | `hu` | `hu` | Move cursor up one-half line | | `sc` | `sc` | Save cursor position | | `rc` | `rc` | Restore cursor to position of last \`sc' | | `sgr0` | `me` | Turn off all attributes | | `ll` | `ll` | Go to last line, first column (if no `cup`) | > * samples > * [AdaRoseCannon/todo-repl](https://gist.github.com/AdaRoseCannon/1165e64d83ccf85f2f8638d0629bf4b3) > * [slumos/xtctl](https://gist.github.com/slumos/a8907d067bbc128dfa40) > * [zhgqthomas/ssr-install.sh](https://gist.github.com/zhgqthomas/67d1191e8ac42ca9c84c2d8bd09598be) > * [izabera/mappings](https://gist.github.com/izabera/6a1e58b22e33a496457e) * move sequence to top ```bash $ tput home # or $ tput cup 0 0 # or $ tput cup %py %px >/dev/tty ``` * show info ```bash $ tput -T screen longname VT 100/ANSI X3.64 virtual terminal $ tput longname xterm with 256 colors $ echo "Rows=$(tput lines) Cols=$(tput cols)" Rows=30 Cols=104 ``` * set cursor ```bash # invisible $ tput civis # normal $ tput cnorm ``` * text color ```bash for fg_color in {0..255}; do set_foreground=$(tput setaf $fg_color) for bg_color in {0..7}; do set_background=$(tput setab $bg_color) echo -n $set_background$set_foreground printf ' F:%s B:%s ' $fg_color $bg_color done echo $(tput sgr0) done ``` * PS1 > \[!NOTE|label:references:] > > * [How can I print text in various colors?](https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/037) ```bash red=$(tput setaf 1) green=$(tput setaf 2) blue=$(tput setaf 4) reset=$(tput sgr0) PS1='\[$red\]\u\[$reset\]@\[$green\]\h\[$reset\]:\[$blue\]\w\[$reset\]\$ ' ``` * shows tput processing in one invocation ```bash $ tput -S < 0) printf (" ") print }' ``` * print in center of terminal ```bash COLUMNS=`tput cols` LINES=`tput lines` line=`expr $LINES / 2` column=`expr \( $COLUMNS - 6 \) / 2` tput sc tput cup $line $column tput rev echo 'Hello, World' tput sgr0 tput rc ``` * `tput_menu` : script for clean screen ```bash BG_BLUE="$(tput setab 4)" BG_BLACK="$(tput setab 0)" FG_GREEN="$(tput setaf 2)" FG_WHITE="$(tput setaf 7)" # save screen tput smcup # display menu until selection == 0 while [[ $REPLY != 0 ]]; do echo -n ${BG_BLUE}${FG_WHITE} clear cat <<- _EOF_ Please Select: 1. Display Hostname and Uptime 2. Display Disk Space 3. Display Home Space Utilization 0. Quit _EOF_ read -p "Enter selection [0-3] > " selection # clear area beneath menu tput cup 10 0 echo -n ${BG_BLACK}${FG_GREEN} tput ed tput cup 11 0 # act on selection case $selection in 1) echo "Hostname: $HOSTNAME" uptime ;; 2) df -h ;; 3) if [[ $(id -u) -eq 0 ]]; then echo "Home Space Utilization (All Users)" du -sh /home/* 2> /dev/null else echo "Home Space Utilization ($USER)" du -s $HOME/* 2> /dev/null | sort -nr fi ;; 0) break ;; *) echo "Invalid entry." ;; esac printf "\n\npress any key to continue." read -n 1 done # restore screen tput rmcup echo "Program terminated." ``` * now > \[!NOTE] > > * [now bash script](https://askubuntu.com/a/1020693/92979) > * [now bash script](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/434701/29178) ![now date time](/files/HhvNr4lGFnzjHFktRf9j) ```bash #!/usr/bin/env bash dataColumn=1 timeColumn=27 tput sc # save cursor position. #--------- DATE ------------------------------------------------------------- tput rc # restore saved cursor position. cal | tr -cd '\11\12\15\40\60-\136\140-\176' > /tmp/terminal calLineCnt=1 Today=$(date +"%e") printf "\033[32m" # color green -- see list above. while IFS= read -r Cal; do printf "%s" "$Cal" if [[ $calLineCnt -gt 2 ]] ; then tput cub 22 # see if today is on current line & invert background for (( j=0 ; j <= 18 ; j += 3 )) ; do Test=${Cal:$j:2} # Current day on calendar line if [[ "$Test" == "$Today" ]] ; then printf "\033[7m" # reverse: [7m printf "%s" "$Today" printf "\033[0m" # normal: [0m printf "\033[32m" # color green -- see list above. tput cuf 1 else tput cuf 3 fi done fi tput cud1 # down one line tput cuf $dataColumn # move 27 columns right calLineCnt=$((++calLineCnt)) done < /tmp/terminal printf "\033[00m" # color -- bright white (default) echo "" tput rc # restore saved cursor position. #-------- TIME -------------------------------------------------------------- tput sc # save cursor position. tput cuu 7 # move up 9 lines tput cuf $timeColumn # move 49 columns right if hash toilet 2>/dev/null; then # if has toilet date +"%I:%M %P" | toilet -f future > /tmp/terminal elif hash figlet 2>/dev/null; then # if has figlet date +"%I:%M %P" | figlet > /tmp/terminal else date +"%I:%M %P" > /tmp/terminal fi while IFS= read -r Time; do printf "\033[01;36m" # color cyan printf "%s" "$Time" tput cud1 # Up one line tput cuf $timeColumn # Move 49 columns right done < /tmp/terminal tput rc # Restore saved cursor position. exit 0 ``` ### `stty` > \[!NOTE|label:references:] > > * [19.2 stty: Print or change terminal characteristics](https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/stty-invocation.html) > * [Shell does not show typed-in commands, what do I do to fix it?](https://askubuntu.com/a/1238357/92979) > * [stty : set or display terminal options](https://www.mkssoftware.com/docs/man1/stty.1.asp) > * [Linux in a Nutshell.pdf](https://repo.zenk-security.com/Linux%20et%20systemes%20d.exploitations/Linux-in-a-Nutshell-6th-Edition.pdf) > * [man pages section 1: User Commands: stty (1g)](https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E36784_01/html/E36870/stty-1g.html) > * [Local Modes](https://sites.ualberta.ca/dept/chemeng/AIX-43/share/man/info/C/a_doc_lib/cmds/aixcmds5/stty.htm) | OPTION | COMMENTS | | :--------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `echo` | Echoes every character typed. | | `-echo` | Does not echo characters. | | `echoctl` | Echoes control characters as ^X (Ctrl-X), where X is the character given by adding 100 octal to the code of the control character. | | `-echoctl` | Does not echo control characters as ^X (Ctrl-X). | | `echoe` | Echoes the ERASE character as the "backspace space backspace" string. | | `-echoe` | Does not echo the ERASE character, just backspace. | | `echok` | Echoes a NL character after a KILL character. | | `-echok` | Does not echo a NL character after a KILL character. | | `echoke` | Echoes the KILL character by erasing each character on the output line. | | `-echoke` | Just echoes the KILL character. | | `echonl` | Echoes the NL character. | | `-echonl` | Does not echo the NL character. | | `echoprt` | Echoes erased characters backwards with / (slash) and \ (backslash). | | `-echoprt` | Does not echo erased characters backwards with / (slash) and \ (backslash). | | `icanon` | Enables canonical input (canonical input allows input-line editing with the ERASE and KILL characters). See the discussion about canonical mode input in Line Discipline Module (ldterm) AIX Version 4.3 Communications Programming Concepts. | | `-icanon` | Disables canonical input. | | `iexten` | Specifies that implementation-defined functions shall be recognized from the input data. Recognition of the following control characters requires iexten to be set: eol2, dsusp, reprint, discard, werase, lnext. The functions associated with these modes also require iexten to be set: imaxbel, echoke, echoprt, and echoctl. | | `-iexten` | Specifies that implementation-defined functions shall not be recognized from the input data. | | `isig` | Enables the checking of characters against the special control characters INTR, SUSP and QUIT special control characters. | | `-isig` | Disables the checking of characters against the special control characters INTR, SUSP and QUIT special control characters. | | `noflsh` | Does not clear buffers after INTR, SUSP, or QUIT control characters. | | `-noflsh` | Clears buffers after INTR, SUSP, or QUIT control characters. | | `pending` | Causes any input that is pending after a switch from raw to canonical mode to be re-input the next time a read operation becomes pending or the next time input arrives. Pending is an internal state bit. | | `-pending` | No text is pending. | | `tostop` | Signals SIGTOU for background output. | | `-tostop` | Does not signal SIGTOU for background output. | | `xcase` | Echoes uppercase characters on input, and displays uppercase characters on output with a preceding \ (backslash). | | `-xcase` | Does not echo uppercase characters on input. | * show all ```bash $ stty -a speed 38400 baud; rows 30; columns 104; intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = ; eol2 = ; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; dsusp = ^Y; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; discard = ^O; status = ^T; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -ignbrk brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl -ixon ixoff ixany imaxbel iutf8 opost -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke -flusho -extproc ``` * show size ```bash $ stty size 30 104 ``` * enable/disable echo ```bash $ stty echo # or stty sane $ stty -echo ``` ### `tty` ( teletypewriter ) > \[!NOTE|label:references:] > > * [19.4 tty: Print file name of terminal on standard input](https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/tty-invocation.html) > * [What are pseudo terminals (pty/tty)?](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/21149/29178) > * [The TTY demystified](https://www.linusakesson.net/programming/tty/index.php) | [解密tty](https://www.cnblogs.com/liqiuhao/p/9031803.html) > * [终端、Shell、tty 和控制台（console）有什么区别？](https://www.zhihu.com/question/21711307) > * [Linux终端和Line discipline图解](https://blog.csdn.net/dog250/article/details/78818612) > * [彻底理解Linux的各种终端类型以及概念](https://blog.csdn.net/dog250/article/details/78766716) > * [printf的归宿-数据打印到哪儿了](https://blog.csdn.net/dog250/article/details/23000909) ### `tabs` > \[!NOTE|label:references] > > * [tabs: Setting Terminal Tabs](https://www.gnu.org/software/termutils/manual/termutils-2.0/html_chapter/tput_2.html#SEC10)