system

account

mark account to admin

[!TIP|label:references:]

$ sudo dscl . -merge /Groups/admin GroupMembership <username>

remove account from admin

[!NOTE|label:references:]

$ sudo dscl . -delete /Groups/admin GroupMembership <username>

# or
$ sudo dseditgroup -o edit -d <username> -t user admin

modify SHELL

# for current account
$ chsh -s $(command -v bash)
$ sudo bash -c "echo $(command -v bash) >> /etc/shells"

# or for `<username>`
$ sudo chsh -s $(command -v bash) <username>
$ sudo bash -c "echo $(command -v bash) >> /etc/shells"

check account

check admin accounts

$ sudo dscl . -read /Groups/admin GroupMembership
GroupMembership: root _avectodaemon marslo

check account info

$ dscacheutil -q user -a name marslo
name: marslo
password: ********
uid: 503
gid: 20
dir: /Users/marslo
shell: /usr/local/bin/bash
gecos: Marslo Jiao

# or
$ sudo dscl . -read /Users/marslo

read account from plist

$ sudo defaults read /var/db/dslocal/nodes/Default/users/<account>.plist

check account AuthenticationAuthority

$ sudo dscl . -read /Users/<username> AuthenticationAuthority
AuthenticationAuthority: ;ShadowHash;HASHLIST:<SALTED-SHA512-PBKDF2,SRP-*******-****-SHA512-PBKDF2> ;Kerberosv5;;marslo@LKDC:SHA1.37************************************83;LKDC:SHA1.37************************************83; ;SecureToken;

$ sudo dscl . -read /Users/<username> AltSecurityIdentities
AltSecurityIdentities:
 X509:<T>CN=Apple Root CA,OU=Apple Certification Authority,O=Apple Inc.,C=US<S>CN=com.apple.idms.appleid.prd.00****-**-********-****-****-****-**********e9

check account policy

$ sudo dscl . -read /Users/<username> dsAttrTypeNative:accountPolicyData
dsAttrTypeNative:accountPolicyData:
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
  <key>creationTime</key>
  <real>1730235857.0728331</real>
  <key>failedLoginCount</key>
  <integer>0</integer>
  <key>failedLoginTimestamp</key>
  <integer>0</integer>
  <key>passwordLastSetTime</key>
  <real>1730752335.9585528</real>
</dict>
</plist>

list all accounts

[!NOTE|label:references:]

$ sudo dscl . -list /Users

# or
$ sudo dscl . -list /Users GeneratedUID

# or
$ sudo dscacheutil -q user

[!TIP]
using diskutil list to get disk info

guest account

create guest and enable

[!NOTE|label:references:]
scripts: https://github.com/sheagcraig/guestAccount/blob/master/guest_account

$ dscl . -create /Users/Guest

# keychain
$ keychain='/Users/Guest/Library/Keychains/login.keychain'
$ security create-keychain -p '' $keychain
$ security login-keychain -s $keychain

disable guest account

$ sudo dscl . delete /Users/Guest
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.AppleFileServer guestAccess -bool NO
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.smb.server AllowGuestAccess -bool NO
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow GuestEnabled -bool FALSE

# remove Other
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow SHOWOTHERUSERS_MANAGED -bool FALSE

$ sudo /usr/sbin/sysadminctl -deleteUse Guest

$ sysadminctl -guestAccount status
2020-12-30 20:27:59.524 sysadminctl[45327:844298] Guest account disabled.
$ sudo sysadminctl -guestAccount off
2020-12-30 20:28:39.645 sysadminctl[45479:846930] Guest account is already disabled

add account

as admin

$ sudo sysadminctl -addUser <username> -password <password> -admin

as normal user

$ sysadminctl -addUser <username> -fullName "<full name>" -password "<password>" -hint "<hint>"

system tools

`hostinfo`

$ hostinfo
Mach kernel version:
   Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Mon Aug 31 22:12:52 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.141.2~1/RELEASE_X86_64
Kernel configured for up to 12 processors.
6 processors are physically available.
12 processors are logically available.
Processor type: x86_64h (Intel x86-64h Haswell)
Processors active: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Primary memory available: 16.00 gigabytes
Default processor set: 463 tasks, 2557 threads, 12 processors
Load average: 2.72, Mach factor: 9.26

$ paste <(vm_stat | awk 'NR>1' | grep -o ".*:") <(for i in $(vm_stat | awk 'NR>1' | tr -d '.' | awk '{print $NF}'); do perl -e "print $i/1024" | awk '{printf "%0.2f", $0}'; echo; done) | column -s: -t
Pages free                      328.70
Pages active                    910.00
Pages inactive                  973.38
Pages speculative               39.51
Pages throttled                 0.00
Pages wired down                852.52
Pages purgeable                 389.65
"Translation faults"            174323.38
Pages copy-on-write             7828.62
Pages zero filled               127404.04
Pages reactivated               3420.56
Pages purged                    6392.20
File-backed pages               656.69
Anonymous pages                 1266.20
Pages stored in compressor      2536.76
Pages occupied by compressor    991.23
Decompressions                  1555.85
Compressions                    8494.54
Pageins                         7799.75
Pageouts                        11.98
Swapins                         43.15
Swapouts                        48.46

show system info

$ glances

show memory

$ top -o MEM

iStat

 $ istats
--- CPU Stats ---
CPU temp:               53.19°C     ▁▂▃▅▆▇

--- Fan Stats ---
Total fans in system:   2
Fan 0 speed:            2157 RPM    ▁▂▃▅▆▇
Fan 1 speed:            1995 RPM    ▁▂▃▅▆▇

--- Battery Stats ---
Battery health:         unknown
Cycle count:            34          ▁▂▃▅▆▇  3.4%
Max cycles:             1000
Current charge:         6093 mAh    ▁▂▃▅▆▇  100%
Maximum charge:         6237 mAh    ▁▂▃▅▆▇  85.0%
Design capacity:        7336 mAh
Battery temp:           36.5°C

For more stats run `istats extra` and follow the instructions.

show adapter

$ pmset -g adapter            # or `pmset -g ac`
 Wattage = 140W
 Current = 4990mA
 Voltage = 28000mV
 AdapterID = 28697
 Manufacturer = Apple Inc.
 Family Code = 0xe000400a
 Serial String = C4H430307PCQ41CA4
 Adapter Name = 140W USB-C Power Adapter
 Hardware Version = 1.0
 Firmware Version = 01040073

show charge status

$ pmset -g ps            # or `pmset -g batt`
Now drawing from 'AC Power'
-InternalBattery-0 (id=66125923) 100%; charged; 0:00 remaining present: true

$ pmset -g rawbatt
12/12/2024 04:06:55
AC; Not Charging; 100%; Cap=100: FCC=100; Design=8579; Time=0:00; 0mA; Cycles=6/1000; Location=0;
Polled boot=12/11/2024 17:43:05; Full=12/12/2024 04:03:30; User visible=12/12/2024 04:06:30

$ system_profiler SPPowerDataType | sed -n '/Charge Information:/,/System Power Settings:/p' | sed '$d'
     Charge Information:
         The battery’s charge is below the warning level: No
         Fully Charged: Yes
         Charging: No
         State of Charge (%): 100
     Health Information:
         Cycle Count: 6
         Condition: Normal
         Maximum Capacity: 100%

$ system_profiler SPPowerDataType | grep -A11 "AC Charger Information"
   AC Charger Information:

     Connected: Yes
     ID: 0x7019
     Wattage (W): 140
     Family: 0xe000400a
     Serial Number: C4H430307PCQ41CA4
     Name: 140W USB-C Power Adapter
     Manufacturer: Apple Inc.
     Hardware Version: 1.0
     Firmware Version: 1040073
     Charging: No

show Mach virtual memory statistics

$ vm_stat

check process without interactive mode

$ top -l 1 -n 0

example

$ top -l 1 -n 0
Processes: 472 total, 3 running, 469 sleeping, 2589 threads
2020/11/02 16:10:28
Load Avg: 2.67, 2.88, 3.12
CPU usage: 33.4% user, 20.46% sys, 46.49% idle
SharedLibs: 268M resident, 69M data, 44M linkedit.
MemRegions: 112888 total, 3016M resident, 90M private, 2802M shared.
PhysMem: 16G used (3742M wired), 420M unused.
VM: 3201G vsize, 1993M framework vsize, 44188(0) swapins, 49627(0) swapouts.
Networks: packets: 1575080/1561M in, 1302980/954M out.
Disks: 1368885/28G read, 648911/13G written.

```
$ top -l 1 -s 0
```

show system

Serial Number

$ /usr/sbin/system_profiler SPHardwareDataType
Hardware:

    Hardware Overview:

      Model Name: MacBook Pro
      Model Identifier: MacBookPro15,1
      Processor Name: 6-Core Intel Core i7
      Processor Speed: 2.2 GHz
      Number of Processors: 1
      Total Number of Cores: 6
      L2 Cache (per Core): 256 KB
      L3 Cache: 9 MB
      Hyper-Threading Technology: Enabled
      Memory: 16 GB
      Boot ROM Version: 10**.***.*.*.* (iBridge: 17.**.*****.*.*,*)
      Serial Number (system): ************
      Hardware UUID: ********-****-****-****-************
      Activation Lock Status: Enabled

hardware

cpu manufacture

# intel cpu
$ sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz

# apple silicon
$ sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string
Apple M3 Pro

# or
$ sysctl machdep.cpu
machdep.cpu.max_basic: 22
machdep.cpu.max_ext: 2147483656
machdep.cpu.vendor: GenuineIntel
machdep.cpu.brand_string: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz
machdep.cpu.family: 6
...
# ------
$ sysctl machdep.cpu
machdep.cpu.cores_per_package: 12
machdep.cpu.core_count: 12
machdep.cpu.logical_per_package: 12
machdep.cpu.thread_count: 12
machdep.cpu.brand_string: Apple M3 Pro

memory

$ system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep  "Memory:\|Cores:\|Processors:"
      Number of Processors: 1
      Total Number of Cores: 6
      Memory: 16 GB

# M3
$ system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep  "Memory:\|Cores:\|Processors:"
      Total Number of Cores: 12 (6 performance and 6 efficiency)
      Memory: 36 GB

$ sysctl hw.memsize
hw.memsize: 17179869184

$ sysctl hw.ncpu
hw.ncpu: 12

$ system_profiler SPMemoryDataType
Memory:

    Memory Slots:

      ECC: Disabled
      Upgradeable Memory: No

        BANK 0/ChannelA-DIMM0:

          Size: 8 GB
          Type: DDR4
          Speed: 2400 MHz
          Status: OK
          Manufacturer: Micron
          Part Number: **********-*****
          Serial Number: -

        BANK 2/ChannelB-DIMM0:

          Size: 8 GB
          Type: DDR4
          Speed: 2400 MHz
          Status: OK
          Manufacturer: Micron
          Part Number: **********-*****
          Serial Number:

# -- M3 --
$ system_profiler SPMemoryDataType
Memory:

      Memory: 36 GB
      Type: LPDDR5
      Manufacturer: Micron

$ sysctl vm.swapusage
vm.swapusage: total = 1024.00M  used = 34.00M  free = 990.00M  (encrypted)

# -- i7 --
$ sysctl kern.version
kern.version: Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Sat Oct 31 00:07:11 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.50.7~2/RELEASE_X86_64
# -- M3 --
$ sysctl kern.version
kern.version: Darwin Kernel Version 23.6.0: Thu Dec 19 20:47:53 PST 2024; root:xnu-10063.141.1.703.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T6030

$ sysctl kern.ostype
kern.ostype: Darwin

$ sysctl kern.osrelease
kern.osrelease: 20.1.0

$ sysctl kern.osrevision
kern.osrevision: 199506

$ uname -a
Darwin iMarslo 20.1.0 Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Sat Oct 31 00:07:11 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.50.7~2/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64 i386 MacBookPro15,1 Darwin

# -- kern.version --
$ uname -v
Darwin Kernel Version 23.6.0: Thu Dec 19 20:47:53 PST 2024; root:xnu-10063.141.1.703.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T6030

# -- kern.ostype --
$ uname -s
Darwin

show resolution

$ system_profiler SPDisplaysDataType | awk '/Resolution:/ {print $2"x"$4}'
3456x2234

$ lpstat -a
printer-01 accepting requests since Wed Feb  3 16:40:50 2021

plist file

read file

$ plutil -p /path/to/file.plist
# i.e.:
$ plutil -p /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Info.plist

$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c print /path/to/file.plist
# i.e.:
$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c print /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Info.plist

osx installation

$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer

$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version **.**.*

# i.e.:
$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 10.15

MacOS Mojave 10.14.6 Installer

$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 10.14.6

MacOS Catalina 10.15.3 Installer

$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 10.15.3

MacOS High Sierra 10.13.6 Installer

$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 10.13.6

for Catalina FINAL version

$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Catalina.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/UNTITLED && echo Catalina Boot Drive Created

for Catalina BETA version

$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Catalina\ Beta.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/UNTITLED && echo Catalina Boot Drive Created

boot with macOS USB installer

connect the macOS Catalina 10.15 beta install drive to to the Mac you want to install Catalina onto
reboot the Mac
immediately hold down the OPTION key upon boot, keep holding Option until you see the boot menu
choose the macOS Catalina 10.15 beta installer volume to boot from

open the Terminal application, create a disk image DMG file via:

$ hdiutil create -o /tmp/Mojave -size 8500m -volname Mojave -layout SPUD -fs HFS+J

mount the created DMG disk image via:

$ hdiutil attach /tmp/Mojave.dmg -noverify -mountpoint /Volumes/Mojave

use createinstallmedia to create the macOS installer application on the mounted volume:

$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Mojave.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/Mojave --nointeraction

unmount the volume just created:

$ hdiutil detach /volumes/Install\ macOS\ Mojave

convert the DMG disk image file to an ISO disk image file (technically a CDR file but it’s the same as an iso)

$ hdiutil convert /tmp/Mojave.dmg -format UDTO -o ~/Desktop/Mojave.cdr

rename the CDR file extension to ISO to convert the CDR to ISO:

$ mv ~/Desktop/Mojave.cdr ~/Desktop/Mojave.iso

flushed

[!NOTE|label:references:]

disk cache

$ sudo purge

flush DNS

[!NOTE|label:references:]

$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
# or
$ sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder; say cache flushed

ventura & monterey

$ sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

lion, mountain lion, mavericks, el capitan, sierra, high sierra, mojave
```
$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
```
yosemite
```
$ sudo discoveryutil mdnsflushcache
```
tiger
```
$ lookupd -flushcache
```

clean OSX native dot file

$ dot_clean -mvp <path>

i.e.:
```
$ sudo dot_clean -mvp /
```

$ /usr/local/bin/rg --hidden --smart-case --color=never --files "$HOME" -g '*\.DS_*' | xargs -r rm
# or
$ /usr/local/bin/fd -Iu --glob '*\.DS_*' $HOME | xargs -r rm

$ find $HOME -name '.DS_Store' -type f -delete
# or
$ find / -name '._*' -type f -delete
# or
$ find / -name '._*' -type f -size -4k -delete

$ sudo mdutil -i off /Volumes/<diskName>

or all-in-all actions

[!NOTE|label:references:]

$ sudo defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteUSBStores -bool true
$ sudo mdutil -i off /Volumes/<FS NAME>
$ sudo rm -rf .{DS_Store,fseventsd,Spotlight-V*,Trashes}

for windows

> cd c:\path\to\folder
> del /s /q /f /a .DS_STORE
> del /s /q /f /a:h ._*

flush DNS
```
$ ipconfig /flushdns
```

launchctl

create new plist

$ cat > ~/Library/LaunchAgents/i.marslo.updatedb.plist << EOF
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
  <key>Label</key>
  <string>i.marslo.updatedb</string>
  <key>ProgramArguments</key>
  <array>
    <string>sudo</string>
    <string>/usr/local/bin/gupdatedb</string>
  </array>
  <key>RunAtLoad</key>
  <true/>
  <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
  <string>/Users/marslo/.marslo/log/i.marslo.updatedb.log</string>
  <key>StandardOutPath</key>
  <string>/Users/marslo/.marslo/log/i.marslo.updatedb.error.log</string>
  <key>StartInterval</key>
  <integer>300</integer>
  <key>KeepAlive</key>
  <true/>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

check

$ plutil ~/Library/LaunchAgents/i.marslo.updatedb.plist
/Users/marslo/Library/LaunchAgents/i.marslo.updatedb.plist: OK

enable

$ launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/i.marslo.updatedb.plist
$ launchctl list | grep updatedb
- 1 i.marslo.updatedb

disable
```
$ launchctl remove i.marslo.updatedb
```

Q&A

`SUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFString`

issue:

$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer
Downloading and installing com.apple.InstallAssistant.macOSBigSur installer
SUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFString for key: LastRecommendedMajorOSBundleIdentifier with error: Error Domain=SUPreferenceManagerErrorDomain Code=1 "(null)"
SUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFString for key: LastRecommendedMajorOSBundleIdentifier with error: Error Domain=SUPreferenceManagerErrorDomain Code=1 "(null)"
SUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFString for key: LastRecommendedMajorOSBundleIdentifier with error: Error Domain=SUPreferenceManagerErrorDomain Code=1 "(null)"
Installing: 90.0%SUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFString for key: LastRecommendedMajorOSBundleIdentifier with error: Error Domain=SUPreferenceManagerErrorDomain Code=1 "(null)"
Install failed with error: 0

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