system
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[!TIP|label:references:]
$ sudo dscl . -merge /Groups/admin GroupMembership <username>
# i.e.
$ sudo dscl . -merge /Groups/admin GroupMembership marslo
# check
$ sudo dscl . -read /Groups/admin GroupMembership
# remove
$ sudo dscl . -delete /Groups/admin GroupMembership <username>
# -- or --
$ sudo dseditgroup -o edit -d <username> -t user adminmodify SHELL
# for current account
$ chsh -s $(command -v bash)
$ sudo bash -c "echo $(command -v bash) >> /etc/shells"
# or for `<username>`
$ sudo chsh -s $(command -v bash) <username>
$ sudo bash -c "echo $(command -v bash) >> /etc/shells"check admin accounts
$ sudo dscl . -read /Groups/admin GroupMembership
GroupMembership: root _avectodaemon marslo
# or
$ id -Gn <username>
$ id -Gn <username> | grep -qw admincheck account info
$ dscacheutil -q user -a name marslo
name: marslo
password: ********
uid: 503
gid: 20
dir: /Users/marslo
shell: /usr/local/bin/bash
gecos: Marslo Jiao
# or
$ sudo dscl . -read /Users/marsloread account from plist
$ sudo defaults read /var/db/dslocal/nodes/Default/users/<account>.plistcheck account AuthenticationAuthority
$ sudo dscl . -read /Users/<username> AuthenticationAuthority
AuthenticationAuthority: ;ShadowHash;HASHLIST:<SALTED-SHA512-PBKDF2,SRP-*******-****-SHA512-PBKDF2> ;Kerberosv5;;marslo@LKDC:SHA1.37************************************83;LKDC:SHA1.37************************************83; ;SecureToken;
$ sudo dscl . -read /Users/<username> AltSecurityIdentities
AltSecurityIdentities:
X509:<T>CN=Apple Root CA,OU=Apple Certification Authority,O=Apple Inc.,C=US<S>CN=com.apple.idms.appleid.prd.00****-**-********-****-****-****-**********e9check account policy
[!NOTE|label:references:]
$ sudo dscl . -list /Users
# or
$ sudo dscl . -list /Users GeneratedUID
# or
$ sudo dscacheutil -q user[!TIP]
using
diskutil listto get disk info
create guest and enable
[!NOTE|label:references:]
scripts: https://github.com/sheagcraig/guestAccount/blob/master/guest_account
$ dscl . -create /Users/Guest
# keychain
$ keychain='/Users/Guest/Library/Keychains/login.keychain'
$ security create-keychain -p '' $keychain
$ security login-keychain -s $keychaindisable guest account
$ sudo dscl . delete /Users/Guest
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.AppleFileServer guestAccess -bool NO
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.smb.server AllowGuestAccess -bool NO
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow GuestEnabled -bool FALSE
# remove Other
$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow SHOWOTHERUSERS_MANAGED -bool FALSEor
$ sudo /usr/sbin/sysadminctl -deleteUse Guest$ sysadminctl -guestAccount status
2020-12-30 20:27:59.524 sysadminctl[45327:844298] Guest account disabled.
$ sudo sysadminctl -guestAccount off
2020-12-30 20:28:39.645 sysadminctl[45479:846930] Guest account is already disabledas admin
$ sudo sysadminctl -addUser <username> -password <password> -adminas normal user
$ sysadminctl -addUser <username> -fullName "<full name>" -password "<password>" -hint "<hint>"hostinfo$ hostinfo
Mach kernel version:
Darwin Kernel Version 19.6.0: Mon Aug 31 22:12:52 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.141.2~1/RELEASE_X86_64
Kernel configured for up to 12 processors.
6 processors are physically available.
12 processors are logically available.
Processor type: x86_64h (Intel x86-64h Haswell)
Processors active: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Primary memory available: 16.00 gigabytes
Default processor set: 463 tasks, 2557 threads, 12 processors
Load average: 2.72, Mach factor: 9.26$ paste <(vm_stat | awk 'NR>1' | grep -o ".*:") <(for i in $(vm_stat | awk 'NR>1' | tr -d '.' | awk '{print $NF}'); do perl -e "print $i/1024" | awk '{printf "%0.2f", $0}'; echo; done) | column -s: -t
Pages free 328.70
Pages active 910.00
Pages inactive 973.38
Pages speculative 39.51
Pages throttled 0.00
Pages wired down 852.52
Pages purgeable 389.65
"Translation faults" 174323.38
Pages copy-on-write 7828.62
Pages zero filled 127404.04
Pages reactivated 3420.56
Pages purged 6392.20
File-backed pages 656.69
Anonymous pages 1266.20
Pages stored in compressor 2536.76
Pages occupied by compressor 991.23
Decompressions 1555.85
Compressions 8494.54
Pageins 7799.75
Pageouts 11.98
Swapins 43.15
Swapouts 48.46$ glances$ top -o MEMiStat
$ istats
--- CPU Stats ---
CPU temp: 53.19°C ▁▂▃▅▆▇
--- Fan Stats ---
Total fans in system: 2
Fan 0 speed: 2157 RPM ▁▂▃▅▆▇
Fan 1 speed: 1995 RPM ▁▂▃▅▆▇
--- Battery Stats ---
Battery health: unknown
Cycle count: 34 ▁▂▃▅▆▇ 3.4%
Max cycles: 1000
Current charge: 6093 mAh ▁▂▃▅▆▇ 100%
Maximum charge: 6237 mAh ▁▂▃▅▆▇ 85.0%
Design capacity: 7336 mAh
Battery temp: 36.5°C
For more stats run `istats extra` and follow the instructions.$ pmset -g adapter # or `pmset -g ac`
Wattage = 140W
Current = 4990mA
Voltage = 28000mV
AdapterID = 28697
Manufacturer = Apple Inc.
Family Code = 0xe000400a
Serial String = C4H430307PCQ41CA4
Adapter Name = 140W USB-C Power Adapter
Hardware Version = 1.0
Firmware Version = 01040073show charge status
$ pmset -g ps # or `pmset -g batt`
Now drawing from 'AC Power'
-InternalBattery-0 (id=66125923) 100%; charged; 0:00 remaining present: true
$ pmset -g rawbatt
12/12/2024 04:06:55
AC; Not Charging; 100%; Cap=100: FCC=100; Design=8579; Time=0:00; 0mA; Cycles=6/1000; Location=0;
Polled boot=12/11/2024 17:43:05; Full=12/12/2024 04:03:30; User visible=12/12/2024 04:06:30
$ system_profiler SPPowerDataType | sed -n '/Charge Information:/,/System Power Settings:/p' | sed '$d'
Charge Information:
The battery’s charge is below the warning level: No
Fully Charged: Yes
Charging: No
State of Charge (%): 100
Health Information:
Cycle Count: 6
Condition: Normal
Maximum Capacity: 100%
$ system_profiler SPPowerDataType | grep -A11 "AC Charger Information"
AC Charger Information:
Connected: Yes
ID: 0x7019
Wattage (W): 140
Family: 0xe000400a
Serial Number: C4H430307PCQ41CA4
Name: 140W USB-C Power Adapter
Manufacturer: Apple Inc.
Hardware Version: 1.0
Firmware Version: 1040073
Charging: No$ vm_stat$ top -l 1 -n 0example
$ top -l 1 -n 0
Processes: 472 total, 3 running, 469 sleeping, 2589 threads
2020/11/02 16:10:28
Load Avg: 2.67, 2.88, 3.12
CPU usage: 33.4% user, 20.46% sys, 46.49% idle
SharedLibs: 268M resident, 69M data, 44M linkedit.
MemRegions: 112888 total, 3016M resident, 90M private, 2802M shared.
PhysMem: 16G used (3742M wired), 420M unused.
VM: 3201G vsize, 1993M framework vsize, 44188(0) swapins, 49627(0) swapouts.
Networks: packets: 1575080/1561M in, 1302980/954M out.
Disks: 1368885/28G read, 648911/13G written.$ top -l 1 -s 0$ /usr/sbin/system_profiler SPHardwareDataType
Hardware:
Hardware Overview:
Model Name: MacBook Pro
Model Identifier: MacBookPro15,1
Processor Name: 6-Core Intel Core i7
Processor Speed: 2.2 GHz
Number of Processors: 1
Total Number of Cores: 6
L2 Cache (per Core): 256 KB
L3 Cache: 9 MB
Hyper-Threading Technology: Enabled
Memory: 16 GB
Boot ROM Version: 10**.***.*.*.* (iBridge: 17.**.*****.*.*,*)
Serial Number (system): ************
Hardware UUID: ********-****-****-****-************
Activation Lock Status: Enabledcpu manufacture
# intel cpu
$ sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz
# apple silicon
$ sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string
Apple M3 Pro
# or
$ sysctl machdep.cpu
machdep.cpu.max_basic: 22
machdep.cpu.max_ext: 2147483656
machdep.cpu.vendor: GenuineIntel
machdep.cpu.brand_string: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H CPU @ 2.20GHz
machdep.cpu.family: 6
...
# ------
$ sysctl machdep.cpu
machdep.cpu.cores_per_package: 12
machdep.cpu.core_count: 12
machdep.cpu.logical_per_package: 12
machdep.cpu.thread_count: 12
machdep.cpu.brand_string: Apple M3 Pro$ system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep "Memory:\|Cores:\|Processors:"
Number of Processors: 1
Total Number of Cores: 6
Memory: 16 GB
# M3
$ system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep "Memory:\|Cores:\|Processors:"
Total Number of Cores: 12 (6 performance and 6 efficiency)
Memory: 36 GBor
$ sysctl hw.memsize
hw.memsize: 17179869184
$ sysctl hw.ncpu
hw.ncpu: 12$ system_profiler SPMemoryDataType
Memory:
Memory Slots:
ECC: Disabled
Upgradeable Memory: No
BANK 0/ChannelA-DIMM0:
Size: 8 GB
Type: DDR4
Speed: 2400 MHz
Status: OK
Manufacturer: Micron
Part Number: **********-*****
Serial Number: -
BANK 2/ChannelB-DIMM0:
Size: 8 GB
Type: DDR4
Speed: 2400 MHz
Status: OK
Manufacturer: Micron
Part Number: **********-*****
Serial Number:
# -- M3 --
$ system_profiler SPMemoryDataType
Memory:
Memory: 36 GB
Type: LPDDR5
Manufacturer: Micron$ sysctl vm.swapusage
vm.swapusage: total = 1024.00M used = 34.00M free = 990.00M (encrypted)# -- i7 --
$ sysctl kern.version
kern.version: Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Sat Oct 31 00:07:11 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.50.7~2/RELEASE_X86_64
# -- M3 --
$ sysctl kern.version
kern.version: Darwin Kernel Version 23.6.0: Thu Dec 19 20:47:53 PST 2024; root:xnu-10063.141.1.703.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T6030
$ sysctl kern.ostype
kern.ostype: Darwin
$ sysctl kern.osrelease
kern.osrelease: 20.1.0
$ sysctl kern.osrevision
kern.osrevision: 199506or
$ uname -a
Darwin iMarslo 20.1.0 Darwin Kernel Version 20.1.0: Sat Oct 31 00:07:11 PDT 2020; root:xnu-7195.50.7~2/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64 i386 MacBookPro15,1 Darwin
# -- kern.version --
$ uname -v
Darwin Kernel Version 23.6.0: Thu Dec 19 20:47:53 PST 2024; root:xnu-10063.141.1.703.2~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T6030
# -- kern.ostype --
$ uname -s
Darwin$ system_profiler SPDisplaysDataType | awk '/Resolution:/ {print $2"x"$4}'
3456x2234$ lpstat -a
printer-01 accepting requests since Wed Feb 3 16:40:50 2021read file
$ plutil -p /path/to/file.plist
# i.e.:
$ plutil -p /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Info.plist
$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c print /path/to/file.plist
# i.e.:
$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c print /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Info.plist$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installeror
$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version **.**.*
# i.e.:
$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 10.15MacOS Mojave 10.14.6 Installer
$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 10.14.6MacOS Catalina 10.15.3 Installer
$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 10.15.3MacOS High Sierra 10.13.6 Installer
$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 10.13.6for Catalina FINAL version
$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Catalina.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/UNTITLED && echo Catalina Boot Drive Createdfor Catalina BETA version
$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Catalina\ Beta.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/UNTITLED && echo Catalina Boot Drive Createdconnect the macOS Catalina 10.15 beta install drive to to the Mac you want to install Catalina onto
reboot the Mac
immediately hold down the OPTION key upon boot, keep holding Option until you see the boot menu
choose the macOS Catalina 10.15 beta installer volume to boot from
download MacOS Mojave installer, or the MacOS Catalina installer (or the installer you wish to turn into an ISO) from the Mac App Store, untill the “Install MacOS Mojave.app” or “Install MacOS Catalina.app” application is fully downloaded and within the /Applications folder, proceed
open the Terminal application, create a disk image DMG file via:
$ hdiutil create -o /tmp/Mojave -size 8500m -volname Mojave -layout SPUD -fs HFS+Jmount the created DMG disk image via:
$ hdiutil attach /tmp/Mojave.dmg -noverify -mountpoint /Volumes/Mojaveuse createinstallmedia to create the macOS installer application on the mounted volume:
$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Mojave.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/Mojave --nointeractionunmount the volume just created:
$ hdiutil detach /volumes/Install\ macOS\ Mojaveconvert the DMG disk image file to an ISO disk image file (technically a CDR file but it’s the same as an iso)
$ hdiutil convert /tmp/Mojave.dmg -format UDTO -o ~/Desktop/Mojave.cdrrename the CDR file extension to ISO to convert the CDR to ISO:
$ mv ~/Desktop/Mojave.cdr ~/Desktop/Mojave.isomore info: Convert ISO to VDI Virtual Box Image
[!NOTE|label:references:]
$ sudo purge[!NOTE|label:references:]
macOS 10.10+
sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
macOS 10.7 ~ 10.9
sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
macOS 10.6
sudo dscacheutil -flushcache
macOS 10.5-
lookupd -flushcache ( deprecated )
$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
# or
$ sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder; say cache flushedventura & monterey
$ sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponderlion, mountain lion, mavericks, el capitan, sierra, high sierra, mojave
$ sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponderyosemite
$ sudo discoveryutil mdnsflushcachetiger
$ lookupd -flushcache$ dot_clean -mvp <path>i.e.:
$ sudo dot_clean -mvp /or
$ /usr/local/bin/rg --hidden --smart-case --color=never --files "$HOME" -g '*\.DS_*' | xargs -r rm
# or
$ /usr/local/bin/fd -Iu --glob '*\.DS_*' $HOME | xargs -r rm
$ find $HOME -name '.DS_Store' -type f -delete
# or
$ find / -name '._*' -type f -delete
# or
$ find / -name '._*' -type f -size -4k -delete$ sudo mdutil -i off /Volumes/<diskName>or all-in-all actions
[!NOTE|label:references:]
for windows
flush DNS
$ cat > ~/Library/LaunchAgents/i.marslo.updatedb.plist << EOF
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>i.marslo.updatedb</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>sudo</string>
<string>/usr/local/bin/gupdatedb</string>
</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
<key>StandardErrorPath</key>
<string>/Users/marslo/.marslo/log/i.marslo.updatedb.log</string>
<key>StandardOutPath</key>
<string>/Users/marslo/.marslo/log/i.marslo.updatedb.error.log</string>
<key>StartInterval</key>
<integer>300</integer>
<key>KeepAlive</key>
<true/>
</dict>
</plist>
EOFcheck
$ plutil ~/Library/LaunchAgents/i.marslo.updatedb.plist
/Users/marslo/Library/LaunchAgents/i.marslo.updatedb.plist: OKenable
$ launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/i.marslo.updatedb.plist
$ launchctl list | grep updatedb
- 1 i.marslo.updatedbdisable
$ launchctl remove i.marslo.updatedbdownload driver in https://www.support.xerox.com
filter by MacOS version, and download macOS Print and Scan Driver Installer ( XeroxDrivers_5.16.0_2486.dmg )
$ curl -fsSL -O https://download.support.xerox.com/pub/drivers/ALB80XX/drivers/macOS12/pt_BR/XeroxDrivers_5.16.0_2486.dmgsearch VersaLink C7130 in driver page https://www.support.xerox.com
filter by MacOS version, and download macOS Print and Scan Driver Installer ( XeroxDrivers_5.16.0_2486.dmg )
$ curl -fsSL -O https://download.support.xerox.com/pub/drivers/ALB80XX/drivers/macOS12/pt_BR/XeroxDrivers_5.16.0_2486.dmg$ sudo profiles -P$ sudo profiles show
# or
$ sudo profiles show -type configuration$ sudo profiles show -type enrollment$ sudo log stream
# or
$ sudo log stream --predicate 'eventMessage contains "error"' --info
# last 5 mins
$ sudo log show --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage contains "account"' --last 5m
# check appstore ~= `tail -f | grep`
$ log stream --predicate 'eventMessage contains "account" OR eventMessage contains "store" OR senderImagePath contains "appstore"' --infoSUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFStringissue:
$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer
Downloading and installing com.apple.InstallAssistant.macOSBigSur installer
SUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFString for key: LastRecommendedMajorOSBundleIdentifier with error: Error Domain=SUPreferenceManagerErrorDomain Code=1 "(null)"
SUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFString for key: LastRecommendedMajorOSBundleIdentifier with error: Error Domain=SUPreferenceManagerErrorDomain Code=1 "(null)"
SUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFString for key: LastRecommendedMajorOSBundleIdentifier with error: Error Domain=SUPreferenceManagerErrorDomain Code=1 "(null)"
Installing: 90.0%SUPreferenceManager: Failed to set object of class: __NSCFString for key: LastRecommendedMajorOSBundleIdentifier with error: Error Domain=SUPreferenceManagerErrorDomain Code=1 "(null)"
Install failed with error: 0$ sudo dscl . -read /Users/<username> dsAttrTypeNative:accountPolicyData
dsAttrTypeNative:accountPolicyData:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>creationTime</key>
<real>1730235857.0728331</real>
<key>failedLoginCount</key>
<integer>0</integer>
<key>failedLoginTimestamp</key>
<integer>0</integer>
<key>passwordLastSetTime</key>
<real>1730752335.9585528</real>
</dict>
</plist>$ sudo defaults write com.apple.desktopservices DSDontWriteUSBStores -bool true
$ sudo mdutil -i off /Volumes/<FS NAME>
$ sudo rm -rf .{DS_Store,fseventsd,Spotlight-V*,Trashes}> cd c:\path\to\folder
> del /s /q /f /a .DS_STORE
> del /s /q /f /a:h ._*$ ipconfig /flushdns
