tricky

[!TIP|label:references:]

mode

diff mode

[!NOTE|label:references:]

:echo &diff
1

  • example

    autocmd BufEnter * if &diff | let g:blamer_enabled=0 | endif            " ╮ disable git blame in diff mode
autocmd BufEnter * if ! empty(&key) | let g:blamer_enabled=0 | endif    " ╯ and encrypt mode

  • change cursor shape in diff mode

    " setup cursor shape to block in diff mode
function! CursorShapeInDiffMode()
  if &diff
    if $TERM_PROGRAM =~ "iTerm"
      let &t_SI = "\<Esc>]50;CursorShape=1\x7"
      let &t_SR = "\<Esc>]50;CursorShape=2\x7"
      let &t_EI = "\<Esc>]50;CursorShape=2\x7"
    else
      let &t_SI = "\e[1 q"
      let &t_SR = "\e[2 q"
      let &t_EI = "\e[2 q"
    endif
  endif
endfunction
autocmd BufRead,BufEnter,BufNewFile * :call CursorShapeInDiffMode()

  • disable cursor line in diff mode

    autocmd WinEnter * if &diff | set nocursorline | endif

" or
au OptionSet diff let &cul=!v:option_new

" or
augroup CursorLine
  au!
  au FilterWritePost * if &diff | let &cul=0 |endif
  au BufEnter * if !&diff | let &cul=1 |endif
augroup end

terminal mode

[!NOTE|label:references:]

:echo &buftype
terminal

  • autocmd

    autocmd! TermOpen,TermEnter * :IndentLinesDisable
autocmd! TermOpen           * setlocal nonumber norelativenumber modifiable nospell

" others
autocmd! BufEnter * if &buftype ==# 'terminal' | setlocal ma | endif
autocmd! TermOpen,BufEnter term://* :IndentLinesDisable
autocmd TermClose * echom 'Terminal exited with status '..v:event.status

  • keymap

    tnoremap <Esc> <C-\><C-n>
tnoremap <expr> <C-R> '<C-\><C-N>"'.nr2char(getchar()).'pi'

  • usage:

shortcuts

combine multiple lines with or without space

  • with space: J

  • without space: gJ or :j!

Capitalize words and regions easily

shortcut
comments

gcw

capitalize word (from cursor position to end of word)

gcW

capitalize WORD (from cursor position to end of WORD)

gciw

capitalize inner word (from start to end)

gciW

capitalize inner WORD (from start to end)

gcis

capitalize inner sentence

gc$

capitalize until end of line (from cursor postition)

gcgc

capitalize whole line (from start to end)

gcc

capitalize whole line

{Visual}gc

capitalize highlighted text

" vimrc
if ( &tildeop )
  nmap gcw  guw~l
  nmap gcW  guW~l
  nmap gciw guiw~l
  nmap gciW guiW~l
  nmap gcis guis~l
  nmap gc$  gu$~l
  nmap gcgc guu~l
  nmap gcc  guu~l
  vmap gc   gu~l
else
  nmap gcw  guw~h
  nmap gcW  guW~h
  nmap gciw guiw~h
  nmap gciW guiW~h
  nmap gcis guis~h
  nmap gc$  gu$~h
  nmap gcgc guu~h
  nmap gcc  guu~h
  vmap gc   gu~h
endif

Switching case of characters

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • lowercase

    gu

" example
Hello -> hello

  • uppercase

    gU

" example
Hello -> HELLO

  • reverse

    g~

" example
Hello -> hELLO

  • more

    • g~3w : toggle case of the next three words

    • g~$ : toggle case to the end of line

    • g~iw : toggle case of the current word (inner word – cursor anywhere in word)

    • g~~ == g~g~ : toggle case of the current line (same as V~ - cursor anywhere in the line)

    • gUU == gUgU : to uppercase of the current line (same as V~ - cursor anywhere in the line)

    • guu == gugu : to lowercase of the current line (same as V~ - cursor anywhere in the line)

counter

[!NOTE|label:references]

nnoremap <leader>cr  0yt=A<C-r>=<C-r>"<CR><Esc>

delete line without copy to default register

[!NOTE|label:references:]

"_dd

  • or ~/.vimrc

    nnoremap rdd  "_dd
nnoremap rdw  "_dw

ctrl-k delete to end of line in command mode

cnoremap <C-k> <C-\>e(strpart(getcmdline(), 0, getcmdpos() - 1))<CR>

g ctrl-g

commands

paste command result to vim

[!NOTE|label:references:]

" in cursor position"
:.! <command>

" read!
:r! <command>

" in new buffer"
:new | 0read ! <command>

search (in)sensitive

[!NOTE|label:reference:]

CMD

ignorecase

smartcase

MATCHES

foo

off

-

foo

foo

on

-

foo Foo FOO

foo

on

on

foo Foo FOO

Foo

on

on

Foo

Foo

on

-

foo Foo FOO

\cfoo

-

-

foo Foo FOO

foo\C

-

-

foo

:set ignorecase
:set smartcase
/example      " Case insensitive
/Example      " Case sensitive
/example\C    " Case sensitive
/Example\c    " Case insensitive

search with \V

pattern
result

/a.k.a<CR>

backward a.k.a

/a\.k\.a<CR>

backward a.k.a

/Va.k.a<CR>

backward a.k.a

search in visual mode

[!NOTE]

  • v go to visual mode

  • /KEYWORDS search next KEYWORDS | ?KEYWORDS search previous KEYWORDS

  • enter

sort lines

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • sort

    :{range}sort

" or
:sort n

" reverse sort
:sort nr

  • sort and unique

    :{range}sort u

list all filetype

:echo getcompletion('', 'filetype')

  • or

    :echo getcompletion('c', 'filetype')

  • or and use: for f in GetFiletypes() | echo f | endfor

    function! GetFiletypes()
  " Get a list of all the runtime directories by taking the value of that
  " option and splitting it using a comma as the separator.
  let rtps = split(&runtimepath, ",")
  " This will be the list of filetypes that the function returns
  let filetypes = []

  " Loop through each individual item in the list of runtime paths
  for rtp in rtps
    let syntax_dir = rtp . "/syntax"
    " Check to see if there is a syntax directory in this runtimepath.
    if (isdirectory(syntax_dir))
      " Loop through each vimscript file in the syntax directory
      for syntax_file in split(glob(syntax_dir . "/*.vim"), "\n")
        " Add this file to the filetypes list with its everything
        " except its name removed.
        call add(filetypes, fnamemodify(syntax_file, ":t:r"))
      endfor
    endif
  endfor

  " This removes any duplicates and returns the resulting list.
  " NOTE: This might not be the best way to do this, suggestions are welcome.
  return uniq(sort(filetypes))
endfunction

newline

- [Vim documentation: pattern](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/pattern.html#/%5Cr) : - `\n` matches an end of line (newline) - `\r` matches a carriage return (more precisely it’s treated as the input `CR`))

redirect cmd

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • redir to file

    :redir > ~/Desktop/debug.txt
:silent highlight
:redir END

    • or

      :write | redir >> % | silent registers | redir END | edit

  • to new window

    :redir @a | silent digraph | redir END | new +setl\ buftype=nofile\ bufhidden=wipe | put! a

  • to TabMessage

    [!NOTE|label:references:]

    function! TabMessage( cmd )
  redir => message
  silent execute a:cmd
  redir END
  if empty( message )
    echoerr "no output"
  else
    tabnew               " use "new" instead of "tabnew" below if you prefer split windows instead of tabs
    setlocal buftype=nofile bufhidden=wipe noswapfile nobuflisted nomodified
    silent put=message
  endif
endfunction
command! -nargs=+ -complete=command TabMessage call TabMessage(<q-args>)

" usage:
:TabMessage highlight

format json in vim

[!NOTE|label:references:]

:%!jq .

" or
:%!python -m json.tool

run command in multiple buffers

related commands:

  • :argdo : all files in argument list

  • :bufdo : all buffers

  • :tabdo : all tabs

  • :windo : all windows

reference:

:bufdo <command>

  • replace

    # regular
:%s/<str>/<str_new>/ge

# for all buffers
:bufdo %s/<str>/<str_new>/ge | update

  • force the bufdo to continue without saving files via :bufdo!

close buffer when close window

  • commands

    :windo bd
:%bd
:silent clear

  • autocmd

    autocmd VimLeave * silent clear                                         " :windo bd
autocmd VimLeave * silent :%bd

switch in buffers

  • next buffer: ctrl + ^

  • previous buffer: ctrl + 6

  • first: :1b<CR>

  • last: :$b<CR>

show ascii under cursor

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • keyboard

    • ga

  • commands

    :as

" or
:ascii

" or shortcut `ga` : https://til.hashrocket.com/posts/lsqojsbmmn-get-character-without-diacritical-mark-in-vim

open vim with specific line Number

[!NOTE|label:reference]

# last line
$ vim + /path/to/file

# specific line
$ vim +123 /path/to/file

" or https://til.hashrocket.com/posts/joyovn3pau-go-to-file-with-line-number
$ vim /path/to/file:123

navigate to Nth column

N|

" i.e.: go to 15th column of current line
15|

jumplist

[!TIP|label:tips:]

  • :help ''

  • `:help ```

" check jump list
:jumps

" clear jump list
:clearjumps

" jump back https://til.hashrocket.com/posts/ue7f2hf8x2-jump-back-
''

" jump previous
``

print path

  • relative path: ctrl + g or

    :file

  • print filename

    :echo @%

  • print full path

    :echo expand('%:p')

format html

:%s/></>\r</g
gg=G

encryption with Vim

set cryptmethod=blowfish2

  • encrypt

    $ vim -x file.txt
:w!

# or
:set key=<password>
:wa!

  • decrypt

    $ vim -X file.txt

" or in vim
:set key=
:wa!

config

get platform

[!NOTE|label:references:]

" to avoid `system('uname')` issue in powershell/gvim/cmd
" previous solution: https://stackoverflow.com/a/57015339/2940319
"   let uname = substitute(system('uname'),'\n','','')
"   if uname == 'Linux'
" to avoid `Can't open file /proc/version` in MacOS using:
" - `has('linux')` instead of `has('unix')`
" - `has('unix') && !has('macunix')` if `has('linux')` not supported
function! IsWSL()
  if has( 'linux' )
    let lines = readfile( '/proc/version' )
    if lines[0] =~ 'Microsoft'
      return 1
    endif
  endif
  return 0
endfunction

function! IsWindows()
  return ( has('win32') || has('win64') )
endfunction

function! IsLinux()
  return has('unix') && has('linux') && !has('macunix')
endfunction

function! IsMac()
  return has('macunix')
endfunction

disable vim beep

# ~/.vimrc
set noerrorbells novisualbell visualbell                            " ┐ turn off
set t_vb=                                                           " ┘ error/normal beep/flash

pastetoggle

[!NOTE|label:references:]

Change up to next underscore "_" in vim

set iskeyword-=_
nnoremap <leader>e :set iskeyword-=_<cr>diw:set iskeyword+=_<cr>i

run vim commands in terminal

[!NOTE|label:manual:]

$ man vim
...
OPTIONS
  +{command}
  -c {command}
             {command} will be executed after the first file has been read.  {command} is interpreted
             as an Ex command.  If the {command} contains spaces it must be enclosed in double quotes
             (this depends on the shell that is used).  Example: Vim "+set si" main.c
             Note: You can use up to 10 "+" or "-c" commands.

  --cmd {command}
             Like using "-c", but the command is executed just before processing any vimrc file.  You
             can use up to 10 of these commands, independently from "-c" commands.
$ vim -es -c "set ff? | q"
  fileformat=unix

vim open file and go to specific function or linenumber

$ vim +commandHere filename

# or
$ vim +linenumber filename

using vim as a man-page viewer under unix

export PAGER="/bin/sh -c \"unset PAGER;col -b -x | \
       vim -R -c 'set ft=man nomod nolist' -c 'map q :q<CR>' \
       -c 'map <SPACE> <C-D>' -c 'map b <C-U>' \
       -c 'nmap K :Man <C-R>=expand(\\\"<cword>\\\")<CR><CR>' -\""

  • additional highlight

    " DrChip's additional man.vim stuff
syn match manSectionHeading "^\s\+[0-9]\+\.[0-9.]*\s\+[A-Z].*$" contains=manSectionNumber
syn match manSectionNumber "^\s\+[0-9]\+\.[0-9]*" contained
syn region manDQString start='[^a-zA-Z"]"[^", )]'lc=1 end='"' contains=manSQString
syn region manSQString start="[ \t]'[^', )]"lc=1 end="'"
syn region manSQString start="^'[^', )]"lc=1 end="'"
syn region manBQString start="[^a-zA-Z`]`[^`, )]"lc=1 end="[`']"
syn region manBQSQString start="``[^),']" end="''"
syn match manBulletZone transparent "^\s\+o\s" contains=manBullet
syn case match
syn keyword manBullet contained o
syn match manBullet contained "\[+*]"
syn match manSubSectionStart "^\*" skipwhite nextgroup=manSubSection
syn match manSubSection ".*$" contained

hi link manSectionNumber Number
hi link manDQString String
hi link manSQString String
hi link manBQString String
hi link manBQSQString String
hi link manBullet Special
hi manSubSectionStart term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=black ctermbg=black guifg=navyblue guibg=navyblue
hi manSubSection term=underline cterm=underline gui=underline ctermfg=green guifg=green

vim regex

vim pattern

reference:

overview of multi items

pattern
magic
nomagic
matches of the preceding atom

/star

*

\*

0 or more   (as many as possible)

/\+

\+

\+

1 or more   (as many as possible)

/\=

\=

\=

0 or 1   (as many as possible)

/\?

\?

\?

0 or 1   (as many as possible)

/\{

\{n,m}

\{n,m}

n to m   (as many as possible)

\{n}

\{n}

n   exactly

\{n,}

\{n,}

at least n   (as many as possible)

\{,m}

\{,m}

0 to m   (as many as possible)

\{}

\{}

0 or more   (as many as possible. same as *)

/\{-

\{-n,m}

\{-n,m}

n to m   (as few as possible)

\{-n}

\{-n}

n    exactly

\{-n,}

\{-n,}

at least n   (as few as possible)

\{-,m}

\{-,m}

0 to m   (as few as possible)

\{-}

\{-}

0 or more   (as few as possible)

overview of ordinary atoms

pattern
magic
nomagic
matches

/^

^

^

start-of-line (at start of pattern) /zero-width

/\^

\^

\^

literal '^'

/\_^

\_^

\_^

start-of-line (used anywhere) /zero-width

/$

$

$

end-of-line (at end of pattern) /zero-width

/\$

\$

\$

literal '$'

/\_$

\_$

\_$

end-of-line (used anywhere) /zero-width

/.

.

\.

any single character (not an end-of-line)

/\_.

\_.

\_.

any single character or end-of-line

/\<

\<

\<

beginning of a word /zero-width

/\>

\>

\>

end of a word /zero-width

/\zs

\zs

\zs

anything, sets start of match

/\ze

\ze

\ze

anything, sets end of match

/\%^

\%^

\%^

beginning of file /zero-width E71

/\%$

\%$

\%$

end of file /zero-width

/\%V

\%V

\%V

inside Visual area /zero-width

/\%#

\%#

\%#

cursor position /zero-width

/\%'m

\%'m

\%'m

mark m position /zero-width

/\%l

\%23l

\%23l

in line 23 /zero-width

/\%c

\%23c

\%23c

in column 23 /zero-width

/\%v

\%23v

\%23v

in virtual column 23 /zero-width

matches the N pattern

  • every 3rd

    \(.\{-}\zsfoo\)\{3}

  • the 3rd

    ^\(.\{-}\zsPATTERN\)\{3}

\v: the following chars in the pattern are "very magic":

  • ^\(.\{-}\zsPATTERN\)\{N} == > \v^(.{-}\zsPATTERN){N}

  • ^\(.\{-}\zs=\)\{N} == > \v^(.{-}\zs\=){N}

NOTICE: after using \v the = should using \= instead

characters

[!NOTE|label:references:]

first
char
mode
max nr of chars
max value

(none)

decimal

3

255

-

o or O

octal

3

377

(255)

x or X

hexadecimal

2

ff

(255)

u

hexadecimal

4

ffff

(65535)

U

hexadecimal

8

7fffffff

(2147483647)

  • show all digraphs

    [!NOTE|label:references:]

    :redir @a | silent digraph | redir END | new +setl\ buftype=nofile\ bufhidden=wipe | put! a

: or
:redir @a | silent digraph | redir END | new +setl\ buftype=nofile\ bufhidden=wipe | put! a | on

insert unicode

micro

[!NOTE|label:references:]

stop macro at the end of line

:let a=line('.')
<....>                  " do micro
:if line('.')==a | exec 'normal @q' | endif
"                                |
"                                v
"                           micro name

others

[!NOTE|label:references:]

startup-options

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • binary mode by -b

    • binary on

    • textwidth 0

    • modeline off

    • expandtab off

save sessions resume later

:mksession! <filename>

  • or

    $ vim -S <filename>

How to Open Files with Vim

comments

[!NOTE|label:references:]

statueline

[!NOTE|label:references:]

  • sample

    if has('statusline')
  set laststatus=2
  set statusline=%#User2#%m%r%*\ %F\ %y,%{&fileformat}
  " set statusline+=\ %{FugitiveStatusline()}                     " set statusline+=\ %{fugitive#statusline()}
  set statusline+=%=\ %-{strftime(\"%H:%M\ %d/%m/%Y\")}\ %b[A],0x%B\ %c%V,%l/%L\ %1*--%n%%--%*\ %p%%\ |
endif

  • vim-airline

ctags

[!NOTE|label:references:]

# Generates ctags.
#   Usage: exfind folly,common cpp,h,thrift | genctags
function genctags () {
  ctags --c++-kinds=+p --extras=+q -L -
}

edit file in remove server

$ vim scp://username@host//path/to/somefile
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