tricky

[!TIP|label:references]
tips and tricks

get file metadata

[!NOTE|label:references:]
Terminal command to get all of a file's metadata?

mdls - metadata list

$ mdls nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
_kMDItemDisplayNameWithExtensions  = "nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz"
kMDItemContentCreationDate         = 2024-12-07 05:41:06 +0000
kMDItemContentCreationDate_Ranking = 2024-12-07 00:00:00 +0000
kMDItemContentModificationDate     = 2024-12-07 05:41:07 +0000
kMDItemContentType                 = "org.gnu.gnu-zip-archive"
kMDItemContentTypeTree             = (
    "org.gnu.gnu-zip-archive",
    "public.data",
    "public.item",
    "public.archive"
)
kMDItemDateAdded                   = 2024-12-07 05:41:08 +0000
kMDItemDisplayName                 = "nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz"
kMDItemDocumentIdentifier          = 0
kMDItemFSContentChangeDate         = 2024-12-07 05:41:07 +0000
kMDItemFSCreationDate              = 2024-12-07 05:41:06 +0000
kMDItemFSCreatorCode               = ""
kMDItemFSFinderFlags               = 0
kMDItemFSHasCustomIcon             = (null)
kMDItemFSInvisible                 = 0
kMDItemFSIsExtensionHidden         = 0
kMDItemFSIsStationery              = (null)
kMDItemFSLabel                     = 0
kMDItemFSName                      = "nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz"
kMDItemFSNodeCount                 = (null)
kMDItemFSOwnerGroupID              = 20
kMDItemFSOwnerUserID               = 503
kMDItemFSSize                      = 8796470
kMDItemFSTypeCode                  = ""
kMDItemInterestingDate_Ranking     = 2024-12-07 00:00:00 +0000
kMDItemKind                        = "gzip compressed archive"
kMDItemLogicalSize                 = 8796470
kMDItemPhysicalSize                = 8798208
kMDItemWhereFroms                  = (
    "https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/16408992/ad802a23-1166-4836-8c5d-d9f285880360?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20241207%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20241207T054106Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=86c4bbf765c39941538a221b8c3a11f89961aef680a05a0995545a9a03175656&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dnvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream",
    "https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/tag/v0.10.2"
)

xattr

$ xattr nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
com.apple.macl
com.apple.metadata:kMDItemWhereFroms
com.apple.quarantine

$ xattr -l nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
com.apple.macl:
com.apple.metadata:kMDItemWhereFroms: bplist00�_https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/16408992/ad802a23-1166-4836-8c5d-d9f285880360?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20241207%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20241207T054106Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=86c4bbf765c39941538a221b8c3a11f89961aef680a05a0995545a9a03175656&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dnvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream_5https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/tag/v0.10.2
com.apple.quarantine: 0081;6753dff2;Chrome;

exiftool

[!NOTE|label:references:]
install via:
$ brew install exiftool

$ exiftool nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
ExifTool Version Number         : 13.00
File Name                       : nvim-macos-arm64.tar.gz
Directory                       : .
File Size                       : 8.8 MB
File Modification Date/Time     : 2024:12:06 21:41:07-08:00
File Access Date/Time           : 2024:12:06 21:41:10-08:00
File Inode Change Date/Time     : 2024:12:06 21:41:09-08:00
File Permissions                : -rw-r--r--
File Type                       : GZIP
File Type Extension             : gz
MIME Type                       : application/x-gzip
Compression                     : Deflated
Flags                           : (none)
Modify Date                     : 2024:10:03 02:00:52-07:00
Extra Flags                     : (none)
Operating System                : Unix

sips - images

$ sips -g all kubernetes-operator.png
/Users/marslo/Desktop/kubernetes-operator.png
  pixelWidth: 2560
  pixelHeight: 2560
  typeIdentifier: public.png
  format: png
  formatOptions: default
  dpiWidth: 72.000
  dpiHeight: 72.000
  samplesPerPixel: 3
  bitsPerSample: 8
  hasAlpha: no
  space: RGB

$ sips -g all JCasC.svg
/Users/marslo/Desktop/JCasC.svg
  pixelWidth: 825.640
  pixelHeight: 1024.000
  typeIdentifier: public.svg-image
  format: svg
  formatOptions: default
  dpiWidth: 72.000
  dpiHeight: 72.000
  hasAlpha: no

identify - images

$ identify -verbose kubernetes-operator.png
Image:
  Filename: kubernetes-operator.png
  Permissions: rw-r--r--
  Format: PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
  Mime type: image/png
  Class: DirectClass
  Geometry: 2560x2560+0+0
  Resolution: 28.34x28.34
  Print size: 90.3317x90.3317
  Units: PixelsPerCentimeter
  Colorspace: sRGB
  Type: TrueColor
  ...

$ identify -verbose JCasC.svg
Image:
  Filename: JCasC.svg
  Permissions: rw-------
  Format: SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
  Mime type: image/svg+xml
  Class: DirectClass
  Geometry: 826x1024+0+0
  Units: Undefined
  Colorspace: sRGB
  Type: TrueColorAlpha
  Base type: Undefined
  Endianness: Undefined
  Depth: 16-bit
  ...

copy path

copy STDOUT into clipboard

[!NOTE]
pbcopy for macOS
xclip for Linux

$ <cmd> | pbcopy

example
```
$ cat file | pbcopy
$ pwd | pbcopy
```

Copy path from finder

right-click(control + left-click) -> option

Automator -> Quick Action

Automator -> Apple Script

on run {input, parameters}

  try
    tell application "Finder" to set the clipboard to POSIX path of (target of window 1 as alias)
  on error
    beep
  end try

  return input
end run

create app

[!NOTE|label:references:]
* splaisan/appify.sh
advorak/appify.sh
pypi: mac-appify
9 Automator Apps You Can Create in Under 5 Minutes
How to create an OSX Application to wrap a call to a shell script?
CREATE YOUR OWN CUSTOM ICONS IN OS X 10.7.5 OR LATER [UPDATED]

groovyConsole

[!NOTE|label:expection] case: run groovyConsole from Spolite or Alfred
reference:
Install groovy console on Mac and make it runnable from dock

via Automator.app

[!NOTE|label:tips] Automator.app will create whole bunch of necessary files for app. only need to replace the CFBundleExecutable filename

Open Automator.app » New » Application
Select Run Shell Script » save to .app with empty shell script
Automator.app » save to an app

via script

[!NOTE|label:tips:]

get standalone commands for the script

$ ps aux | grep groovyConsole | grep -v grep
marslo           63030   0.0  1.9 42636292 310724 s008  S+    2:06PM   0:12.48 /usr/local/opt/openjdk/bin/java -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-4.0.13.jar -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec -Dtools.jar=/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter --main groovy.console.ui.Console --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf --classpath .:/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/tools.jar:/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.

==> which would be:

/usr/local/opt/openjdk/bin/java \
     -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true \
     -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
     -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns \
     -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-4.0.13.jar \
     -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole \
     -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
     -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
     -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec \
     -Dtools.jar=/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
     --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
     --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
     --classpath .:/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/tools.jar:/usr/local/opt/openjdk/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.

$ ps aux | grep groovyConsole | grep -v grep
marslo           50495   0.0  3.4 11683536 577828   ??  S     5:50PM   0:15.85 /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns -Dgroovy.jaxb=jaxb -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-3.0.6.jar -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec -Dtools.jar=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter --main groovy.console.ui.Console --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf --classpath .:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.

==> which would be:

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java \
        -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
        -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns \
        -Dgroovy.jaxb=jaxb \
        -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-3.0.6.jar \
        -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole \
        -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
        -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
        -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec \
        -Dtools.jar=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
        --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
        --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
        --classpath .:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.

$ cp /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns groovyConsole.app/Contents/Resources

$ cat > groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole << EOF
  -> #!/usr/bin/env bash
  ->
  -> JAVA_HOME="$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 21)"
  -> GROOVY_HOME="$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix groovy)/libexec"
  -> GROOVY_VERSION="$(/usr/bin/sed -rn 's/^[^:]+:[[:blank:]]?([[:digit:].]+)[[:blank:]]?.+$/\1/p' < <(${GROOVY_HOME}/bin/groovy --version))"
  ->
  -> "${JAVA_HOME}"/bin/java \
  ->   -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true \
  ->   -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
  ->   -Xdock:icon="${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy.icns \
  ->   -classpath "${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy-"${GROOVY_VERSION}".jar \
  ->   -Dscript.name="${GROOVY_HOME}"/bin/groovyConsole \
  ->   -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
  ->   -Dgroovy.starter.conf="${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
  ->   -Dgroovy.home="${GROOVY_HOME}" \
  ->   -Dtools.jar="${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
  ->   --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
  ->   --conf "${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
  ->   --classpath .:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/dt.jar:"${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib
  -> EOF

  # or HOMEBREW_PREFIX='/opt/homebrew'
  #!/usr/bin/env bash

  HOMEBREW_PREFIX='/opt/homebrew'
  JAVA_HOME="${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}"/opt/openjdk
  export JAVA_HOME
  GROOVY_HOME="$("${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}"/bin/brew --prefix groovy)/libexec"
  GROOVY_VERSION="$(/usr/bin/sed -rn 's/^[^:]+:[[:blank:]]?([[:digit:].]+)[[:blank:]]?.+$/\1/p' < <("${GROOVY_HOME}"/bin/groovy --version))"
  "${JAVA_HOME}"/bin/java \
      -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true \
      -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
      -Xdock:icon="${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy.icns \
      -classpath "${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy-"${GROOVY_VERSION}".jar \
      -Dscript.name="${GROOVY_HOME}"/bin/groovyConsole \
      -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
      -Dgroovy.starter.conf="${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
      -Dgroovy.home="${GROOVY_HOME}" \
      -Dtools.jar="${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
      --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
      --conf "${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
      --classpath .:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/dt.jar:"${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib:.

  # vim:tabstop=2:softtabstop=2:shiftwidth=2:expandtab:filetype=sh

  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#

  $ chmod +x groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole
  $ ls -1 groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/
  Automator Application Stub                    # ignore it
  groovyConsole                                 # ╮ <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
                                                # ╯ <string>groovyConsole</string>

  $ mv groovyConsole.app/ /Applications/

$ touch groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole
$ cat > groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole << EOF
  -> #!/usr/bin/env bash
  ->
  -> JAVA_HOME="$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix java)"
  -> # JAVA_HOME="$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix openjdk@17)"
  -> GROOVY_VERSION="$(/usr/local/bin/groovy --version | /usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin/sed -rn 's/^[^:]+:\s*([0-9\.]+).*$/\1/p')"
  -> GROOVY_HOME="$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix groovy)/libexec"
  ->
  -> "${JAVA_HOME}"/bin/java \
  ->     -Dsun.awt.keepWorkingSetOnMinimize=true \
  ->     -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \
  ->     -Xdock:icon="${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy.icns \
  ->     -classpath "${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib/groovy-"${GROOVY_VERSION}".jar \
  ->     -Dscript.name="${GROOVY_HOME}"/bin/groovyConsole \
  ->     -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \
  ->     -Dgroovy.starter.conf="${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
  ->     -Dgroovy.home="${GROOVY_HOME}" \
  ->     -Dtools.jar="${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar \
  ->     org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \
  ->         --main groovy.console.ui.Console \
  ->         --conf "${GROOVY_HOME}"/conf/groovy-starter.conf \
  ->         --classpath .:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/tools.jar:"${JAVA_HOME}"/lib/dt.jar:"${GROOVY_HOME}"/lib:.
  -> EOF

# or
$ cat > groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole << EOF
  -> #!/bin/bash
  -> /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java \\
  ->         -Xdock:name=GroovyConsole \\
  ->         -Xdock:icon=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns \\
  ->         -Dgroovy.jaxb=jaxb \\
  ->         -classpath /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy-3.0.6.jar \\
  ->         -Dscript.name=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/bin/groovyConsole \\
  ->         -Dprogram.name=groovyConsole \\
  ->         -Dgroovy.starter.conf=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \\
  ->         -Dgroovy.home=/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec \\
  ->         -Dtools.jar=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar org.codehaus.groovy.tools.GroovyStarter \\
  ->         --main groovy.console.ui.Console \\
  ->         --conf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/conf/groovy-starter.conf \\
  ->         --classpath .:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_211.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib:.
  -> EOF

$ chmod +x groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole

try validate via execute groovyConsole.app/Contents/MacOS/groovyConsole directly. to see whether if the groovyConsole will be opened.
Automator.app » show in Alfred

modify Info.plist

$ vim groovyConsole.app/Contents/Info.plist
...
<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
<string>groovyConsole</string>           « the script name to MacOS/groovyConsole
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>groovy</string>                  « for icon in Resources/groovy.icns
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>com.apple.groovyConsole</string>
...

original

<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
<string>Application Stub</string>
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>AutomatorApplet</string>
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>com.apple.automator.groovyConsole</string>

additional

set the icon for new app

[!NOTE|label:optional]

$ cp /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns groovyConsole.app/Contents/Resources

# or
$ ln -sf /usr/local/opt/groovy/libexec/lib/groovy.icns groovyConsole.app/Contents/Resources/groovy.icns

create dmg

$ hdiutil create -volname 'groovyConsole' \
                 -srcfolder ~/Desktop/groovyConsole.app \
                 -ov groovyConsole.dmg
.......................
created: /Users/marslo/Desktop/groovyConsole.dmg

python3 IDLE

[!NOTE|label:references:]
python-tk@version is necessary for IDLE to work
$ brew install python-tk@3.11
$ brew install python-tk@3.12
$ brew install python-tk@3.13

via automator.app

script

[!TIP|label:tips:]
the IDLE python version is based on which python is linked to /usr/local/bin/python3

#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -euo pipefail

PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION=$(/usr/bin/sed -rn 's/^([^[0-9]+)([0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*$/\2/p' < <(/usr/local/bin/python3 --version) )
/usr/bin/open "$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix python@"${PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION}")"/IDLE\ 3.app

# vim:tabstop=2:softtabstop=2:shiftwidth=2:expandtab:filetype=sh

icon

$ PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION=$(/usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin/sed -rn 's/^([^[0-9]+)([0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*$/\2/p' < <(/usr/local/bin/python3 --version) )
$ cp "$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix python@${PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION})"/IDLE\ 3.app/Contents/Resources/IDLE.icns IDLE.app/Contents/Resources/

# modify IDLE.app/Contents/Info.plist
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>IDLE</string>

## original
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>ApplicationStub</string>

others

$ cat IDLE.app/Contents/Info.plist
<key>CFBundleGetInfoString</key>
<string>3.11.6, © 2001-2023 Python Software Foundation</string>
<key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
<string>IDLE.icns</string>
<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
<string>org.python.IDLE</string>

via appify

[!NOTE|label:references:]
* splaisan/appify.sh
advorak/appify.sh

shell script

$ cat > ~/IDLE << EOF
#!/usr/bin/env bash

PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION=$(/usr/local/opt/gnu-sed/libexec/gnubin/sed -rn 's/^([^[0-9]+)([0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*$/\2/p' < <(/usr/local/bin/python3 --version) )
/usr/bin/open "$(/usr/local/bin/brew --prefix python@${PYTHON_SHORT_VERSION})"/IDLE\ 3.app
EOF

create app via appify

$ icon=$(brew --prefix python@3.12)/IDLE\ 3.app/Contents/Resources/IDLE.icns
$ ./appify.sh -i ${icon} -s IDLE -n IDLE
$ mv IDLE.app /Applications

Info.plist

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
  <key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
  <string>English</string>
  <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
  <string>IDLE</string>
  <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
  <string>IDLE</string>
  <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
  <string>com.apple.automator.Python3-IDLE</string>
  <key>CFBundleName</key>
  <string>Python3 IDLE</string>
  <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
  <string>APPL</string>
</dict>
</plist>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
  <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
  <string>IDLE</string>
  <key>CFBundleGetInfoString</key>
  <string>IDLE</string>
  <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
  <string>IDLE</string>
  <key>CFBundleName</key>
  <string>IDLE</string>
  <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
  <string>APPL</string>
  <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
  <string>org.python.IDLE</string>
</dict>
</plist>

create dmg

$ hdiutil create -volname IDLE -srcfolder ~/Desktop/IDLE.app -ov IDLE.dmg
....
created: /Users/marslo/Desktop/IDLE.dmg

change default python3

$ ln -sf /usr/local/bin/python3.12        /usr/local/bin/python3
$ ln -sf /usr/local/bin/python3.12-config /usr/local/bin/python3-config

# or
$ brew unlink python@3.11
$ brew unlink python@3.12
$ brew link --force python@3.12

# or
$ brew link --force --overwrite python@3.12

create dmg

reset file associations

[!NOTE|label:references:]
How to reset archive file associations to macOS defaults and get the default icons for archives?
Removing obsolete file type associations from "Open With" menu

# reloading generators list
$ qlmanage -r

# resets the quicklook database
$ /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/LaunchServices.framework/Versions/A/Support/lsregister -kill -seed
# or
$ find /System/Library/Frameworks -type f -name "lsregister" -exec {} -kill -seed -r \;

add snippets for input

enable Technical Symbols

Input Method ⇢ Show emoji and symbols
show emoji & symbols
Open Customized List ⇢ Technical Symbols
customized list
technical symbols

and snippets

go to System Preferences ⇢ Keyboard ⇢ Test
add snippets as below

finally

unicode hex input

[!NOTE|label:references:]
3 Ways to Insert the Mac Command Symbol

settings

click input method ⇢ Open Keyboard Settings...
keyboard settings
click + ⇢ Others ⇢ Unicode Hex Input
unicode hex input

others

install font

$ curl --create-dirs \
       -O \
       --output-dir ~/.fonts \
       https://dtinth.github.io/comic-mono-font/ComicMono.ttf && \
  curl --create-dirs \
       -O \
       --output-dir ~/.fonts \
       https://dtinth.github.io/comic-mono-font/ComicMono-Bold.ttf &&
  fc-cache -f -v

create image

[!NOTE|label:references:]
How do I create a nice-looking DMG for Mac OS X using command-line tools?
andreyvit/create-dmg
LinusU/node-appdmg
Mac打包dmg文件(更换背景图)

background images

create dmg from app

via hdiutil

[!NOTE|label:references:]
-format:
UDRW: read/write image
UDRO: read-only image
UDCO: ADC-compressed image
UDZO: zlib-compressed image
UDBZ: bzip2-compressed image
ULFO: lzfse-compressed image, introduced in macOS 10.11
ULMO: lzma-compressed image, introduced in macOS 10.15
UDTO: DVD/CD-R master for export
UDSP: SPARSE (grows with content)
UDSB: SPARSEBUNDLE (grows with content; bundle-backed)
UFBI: UDIF entire image with MD5 checksum

$ hdiutil create -srcfolder "/Applications/Python3 IDLE.app" \
                 -volname 'Python3 IDLE' \
                 -fs HFS+ \
                 -fsargs "-c c=64,a=16,e=16" \
                 -format UDRW \
                 "Python3 IDLE.dmg" [ --debug ] [ --verbose ]

# or
$ hdiutil create -volname "Volume Name" \
                 -srcfolder /path/to/folder \
                 -ov diskimage.dmg

# create encrypted image
$ hdiutil create encrypted.dmg
                 -encryption AES-128 \
                 -stdinpass \
                 -volname "Volume Name" \
                 -srcfolder /path/to/folder \
                 -ov                       # overwrite any existing files
# i.e.:
$ hdiutil create mEncrypted.dmg \
                 -encryption \
                 -size 1g \
                 -volname "mEncrypted Disk Image" \
                 -fs JHFS+ \
                 -srcfolder /path/to/folder \
Enter a new password to secure "mEncrypted.dmg":
Re-enter new password:
....
created: /Users/marslo/Desktop/mEncrypted.dmg

# create read/write image with specific size
$ hdiutil create ~/Desktop/mTest.dmg \
          -volname "Marslo Test" \
          -srcfolder ~/Desktop/mTest \
          -size 1g \
          -format UDRW                     # UDRW: read/write image

via create-dmg

$ brew install create-dmg
$ create-dmg --volname 'Python3 IDLE' \
             --volicon /opt/dmg-backgound/.idle.icns \
             --background /opt/dmg-backgound/.background.2.png \
             --icon 'Python3 IDLE.app' 225 275 \
             --app-drop-link 525 270 \
             --window-size 750 500 \
             --hide-extension 'Python3 IDLE.app' \
             'Python3 IDLE.dmg' '/Applications/Python3 IDLE.app'

create dvd (for .iso, .img, .dmg)

$ hdiutil burn /path/to/image_file

create dmg for OS installer

$ sudo hdiutil create ~/Desktop/Lion.dmg -srcdevice /dev/disk2s4

resize the disk image

$ hdiutil resize -size <new size> <imagename>.dmg

# or
$ hdiutil resize -size 2g mEncrypted.dmg

restore disk images

$ sudo asr restore --source <disk image>.dmg --target /Volumes/<volume name>

extract

.pkg
[!NOTE|label:references:]
- How can I open a .pkg file manually?
```
$ xar -xvf foo.pkg
```

.dmg

$ 7z x foo.dmg

# or
$ hdiutil attach foo.dmg

disk

reference:
Disk Management From the Command-Line, Part 1
Disk Management From the Command-Line, Part 2
Disk Management From the Command-Line, Part 3

list disks and volumns

$ diskutil list

# or
$ diskutil list disk1

# or via `lsblk`: https://command-not-found.com/lsblk
$ docker run cmd.cat/lsblk lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda    254:0    0  16G  0 disk
└─vda1 254:1    0  16G  0 part /etc/hosts

# or via `lshw`: https://command-not-found.com/lshw
$ docker run cmd.cat/lshw lshw -class disk
  *-virtio1
       description: Virtual I/O device
       physical id: 0
       bus info: virtio@1
       logical name: vda
       configuration: driver=virtio_blk

# or
$ system_profiler SPStorageDataType

check volumn info

$ diskutil info <path/to/volumn>
# i.e.:
$ diskutil info /Volumes/iMarsloOSX/
   Device Identifier:         disk1s5
   Device Node:               /dev/disk1s5
   Whole:                     No
   Part of Whole:             disk1

   Volume Name:               iMarsloOSX
   Mounted:                   Yes
   Mount Point:               /

list the apfs info

$ diskutil apfs list
APFS Container (1 found)
|
+-- Container disk1 ********-****-****-****-************
    ====================================================
    APFS Container Reference:     disk1
    Size (Capacity Ceiling):      250685575168 B (250.7 GB)
    Capacity In Use By Volumes:   176258826240 B (176.3 GB) (70.3% used)
    Capacity Not Allocated:       74426748928 B (74.4 GB) (29.7% free)
    |
    +-< Physical Store...>
    |
    +-> ...

$ diskutil apfs list
APFS Containers (3 found)
|
+-- Container disk3 8FD21D62-C7F0-4554-B7C7-AE85BE52D8AA
    ====================================================
    APFS Container Reference:     disk3
    Size (Capacity Ceiling):      494384795648 B (494.4 GB)
    Capacity In Use By Volumes:   289735741440 B (289.7 GB) (58.6% used)
    Capacity Not Allocated:       204649054208 B (204.6 GB) (41.4% free)
    |
    +-< Physical Store disk0s2 1*******-****-****-****-***********8
    |   -----------------------------------------------------------
    |   APFS Physical Store Disk:   disk0s2
    |   Size:                       494384795648 B (494.4 GB)
    |
    +-> Volume disk3s1 2*******-****-****-****-***********E
        ---------------------------------------------------
        APFS Volume Disk (Role):   disk3s1 (Data)
        Name:                      Macintosh HD - Data (Case-insensitive)
        Mount Point:               /System/Volumes/Data
        Capacity Consumed:         256742236160 B (256.7 GB)
        Sealed:                    No
        FileVault:                 Yes (Unlocked)

create volume for case-sensitive APFS

[!NOTE]
volume name: CaseSensitive
volume size: 4000m (4GB)
disk identifier: disk3
case-sensitive:

CASE SENSITIVE

CASE INSENSITIVE

APFSX

APFS

# for case-sensitive APFS
$ diskutil apfs addVolume disk3 APFSX CaseSensitive -quota 4000m

# remove
$ diskutil unmount /Volumes/CaseSensitive
$ diskutil apfs deleteVolume disk3s7

erase disk

File System

Abbreviation

Mac OS Extended (Journaled)

JHFS+

Mac OS Extended

HFS+

MS-DOS fat32

FAT32

ExFAT

ExFAT

to list file systems

$ diskutil listFilesystems
...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERSONALITY                     USER VISIBLE NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Case-sensitive APFS             APFS (Case-sensitive)
  (or) APFSX
APFS                            APFS
  (or) APFSI
ExFAT                           ExFAT
Free Space                      Free Space
  (or) FREE
MS-DOS                          MS-DOS (FAT)
MS-DOS FAT12                    MS-DOS (FAT12)
MS-DOS FAT16                    MS-DOS (FAT16)
MS-DOS FAT32                    MS-DOS (FAT32)
  (or) FAT32
HFS+                            Mac OS Extended
Case-sensitive HFS+             Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive)
  (or) HFSX
Case-sensitive Journaled HFS+   Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive, Journaled)
  (or) JHFSX
Journaled HFS+                  Mac OS Extended (Journaled)
  (or) JHFS+
UFSD_NTFS                       Microsoft NTFS

$ diskutil eraseDisk ExFAT iMarsloUSB /dev/disk2
Started erase on disk2
Unmounting disk
Creating the partition map
Waiting for partitions to activate
Formatting disk2s2 as ExFAT with name iMarsloUSB
Volume name      : iMarsloUSB
Partition offset : 411648 sectors (210763776 bytes)
Volume size      : 246534144 sectors (126225481728 bytes)
Bytes per sector : 512
Bytes per cluster: 131072
FAT offset       : 2048 sectors (1048576 bytes)
# FAT sectors    : 8192
Number of FATs   : 1
Cluster offset   : 10240 sectors (5242880 bytes)
# Clusters       : 962984
Volume Serial #  : 5ff81490
Bitmap start     : 2
Bitmap file size : 120373
Upcase start     : 3
Upcase file size : 5836
Root start       : 4
Mounting disk
Finished erase on disk2

$ diskutil info disk2s1
   Device Identifier:         disk2s1
   Device Node:               /dev/disk2s1
   Whole:                     No
   Part of Whole:             disk2

   Volume Name:               EFI
   Mounted:                   No

   Partition Type:            EFI
   File System Personality:   MS-DOS FAT32
   Type (Bundle):             msdos
   Name (User Visible):       MS-DOS (FAT32)
   ...
   ...

$ diskutil info disk2s2
   Device Identifier:         disk2s2
   Device Node:               /dev/disk2s2
   Whole:                     No
   Part of Whole:             disk2

   Volume Name:               iMarsloUSB
   Mounted:                   Yes
   Mount Point:               /Volumes/iMarsloUSB

   Partition Type:            Microsoft Basic Data
   File System Personality:   ExFAT
   Type (Bundle):             exfat
   Name (User Visible):       ExFAT
   ...
   ...

verifying and repairing volumes

$ diskutil verifyVolume /Volumes/<volume name>
$ diskutil repairVolume /Volumes/<volume name>

rename volume

$ diskutil rename "<current name of volume>" "<new name>"

partitioning a disk

reference:
GPT: GUID Partition Table
APM: Apple Partition Map
MBR: Master Boot Records

$ diskutil partitionDisk /dev/disk2 GPT JHFS+ New 0b

multiple partitions

$ diskutil partitionDisk /dev/disk2 GPT \
           JHFS+ First 10g \
           JHFS+ Second 10g \
           JHFS+ Third 10g \
           JHFS+ Fourth 10g \
           JHFS+ Fifth 0b

splitting partitions

$ diskutil splitPartition /dev/disk2s6 \
           JHFS+ Test 10GB \
           JHFS+ Test2 0b

merging partitions

$ diskutil mergePartitions \
           JHFS+ \
           NewName \
           <first disk identifier in range> \
           <last disk identifier in range>
# i.e.:
$ diskutil mergePartitions JHFS+ NewName disk2s4 disk2s6

check usb

[!NOTE|label:references:]
tips and tricks
system_profiler -usage

$ system_profiler SPUSBDataType

# get xml format
$ system_profiler -xml SPUSBDataType

# or
$ ioreg -p IOUSB

# or
$ ioreg -p IOUSB -w0 -l

# or get device name
$ ioreg -p IOUSB -w0 | sed 's/[^o]*o //; s/@.*$//' | grep -v '^Root.*'

modify font in plist

[!NOTE|label:references:]
How to read plist information (bundle id) from a shell script

# check
$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c 'print ":/groovy/console/ui/:fontSize"' ~/Library/Preferences/groovy.console.ui.plist
18

# change
$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c 'Set ":/groovy/console/ui/:fontSize" 24' ~/Library/Preferences/groovy.console.ui.plist
$ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c 'Print ":/groovy/console/ui/:fontSize"'  ~/Library/Preferences/groovy.console.ui.plist
24

$ defaults read ~/Library/Preferences/groovy.console.ui.plist
{
    "/groovy/console/ui/" =     {
        autoClearOutput = true;
        compilerPhase = 4;
        currentFileChooserDir = "/Users/marslo/Desktop";
        decompiledFontSize = 12;
        fontSize = 18;
        frameHeight = 600;
        frameWidth = 800;
        frameX = 198;
        frameY = 201;
        horizontalSplitterLocation = 100;
        inputAreaHeight = 576;
        inputAreaWidth = 1622;
        outputAreaHeight = 354;
        outputAreaWidth = 1676;
        showClosureClasses = false;
        showIndyBytecode = false;
        showScriptClass = true;
        showScriptFreeForm = false;
        showScriptInOutput = false;
        showTreeView = true;
        threadInterrupt = true;
        verticalSplitterLocation = 100;
    };
}

show process details

`/usr/bin/xattr`

[!NOTE|label:references:]
xattr
How do I remove the "extended attributes" on a file in Mac OS X?

init

$ touch test.txt
$ /usr/bin/xattr -l test.txt

create attributes

$ /usr/bin/xattr -w com.example.color blue test.txt
$ /usr/bin/xattr -l test.txt
com.example.color: blue

print attributes

$ /usr/bin/xattr -p com.example.color test.txt
blue

clear attributes

$ /usr/bin/xattr -d com.example.color test.txt

# or
$ /usr/bin/xattr -c test.txt

tips

shutdown mac via commands

$ osascript -e 'tell app 'loginwindow' to «event aevtrsdn»'

alert on mac when server is up

$ ping -o -i 30 HOSTNAME && osascript -e 'tell app "Terminal" to display dialog "Server is up" buttons "It?s about time" default button 1'

turn off the screen without sleeping

$ pmset displaysleepnow

sleep
```
$ pmset sleepnow
```
lock
```
$ pmset lock
```

disable startup music

$ sudo nvram SystemAudioVolume=" "

3D lock screen

$ /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/User.menu/Contents/Resources/CGSession -suspend

take screenshot after 3 sec

$ screencapture -T 3 -t jpg -P delayedpic.jpg

$ sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow LoginwindowText 'Awesome Marslo!!'

show message on desktop

$ sudo jamf displayMessage -message "Hello World!"

launch iOS simulator

$ xcrun simctl list
$ open -a Simulator --args -CurrentDeviceUDID <your device UDID>

install the application on the device

$ xcrun simctl install <your device UDID> <path to application bundle>
$ xcrun simctl launch <your device UDID> <app bundle identifier>

or
```
$ open -a Simulator.app
```

$ open /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Applications/Simulator.app

show startup launch apps

$ launchctl list

check detail diskage usage

$ sudo fs_usage
21:03:47  ioctl        0.000003   iTerm2
21:03:47  ioctl        0.000003   iTerm2
21:03:47  close        0.000031   privoxy
21:03:47  select       0.000004   privoxy
...

notch

[!TIP|label:references:]
MacBook 刘海（Notch）增强工具推荐
* How to fix Mac menu bar icons hidden by the MacBook notch
PSA: Reduce your menu bar spacing to fit more items
Change the Menu Bar Item Spacing
2021 Macbook Pro 16" / 14" Menu Bar Size Limitation (Result of Display Notch)

read status

$ defaults -currentHost read -globalDomain NSStatusItemSpacing
$ defaults -currentHost read -globalDomain NSStatusItemSelectionPadding

setup spacing

$ defaults -currentHost write -globalDomain NSStatusItemSpacing -int 12
$ defaults -currentHost write -globalDomain NSStatusItemSelectionPadding -int 8
$ killall SystemUIServer

revert

$ defaults -currentHost delete -globalDomain NSStatusItemSpacing
$ defaults -currentHost delete -globalDomain NSStatusItemSelectionPadding
$ killall SystemUIServer

Previousscript Nextlinux

Last updated 7 months ago

hashtagget file metadata

hashtagmdls - metadata list

hashtagxattr

hashtagexiftool

hashtagsips - images

hashtagidentify - images

hashtagcopy path

hashtagcopy STDOUT into clipboard

hashtagCopy path from finder

hashtagcreate app

hashtaggroovyConsole

hashtagpython3 IDLE

hashtagcreate dmg

hashtagreset file associations

hashtagadd snippets for inputarrow-up-right

hashtagenable Technical Symbols

hashtagand snippets

hashtagfinally

hashtagunicode hex input

hashtagothers

hashtaginstall fontarrow-up-right

hashtagcreate image

hashtagextract

hashtagdisk

hashtagmodify font in plist

hashtagshow process details

hashtag/usr/bin/xattr

hashtagtips

hashtagshutdown mac via commands

hashtagalert on mac when server is uparrow-up-right

hashtagturn off the screen without sleepingarrow-up-right

hashtagdisable startup music

hashtag3D lock screen

hashtagtake screenshot after 3 sec

hashtagsetup welcome text in login screen

hashtagshow message on desktop

hashtaglaunch iOS simulatorarrow-up-right

hashtagshow startup launch apps

hashtagcheck detail diskage usage

hashtagnotch

hashtagreduce the menu bar item spacing

get file metadata

mdls - metadata list

xattr

exiftool

sips - images

identify - images

copy path

copy STDOUT into clipboard

Copy path from finder

create app

groovyConsole

python3 IDLE

create dmg

reset file associations

add snippets for input

enable Technical Symbols

and snippets

finally

unicode hex input

others

install font

create image

extract

disk

modify font in plist

show process details

`/usr/bin/xattr`

tips

shutdown mac via commands

alert on mac when server is up

turn off the screen without sleeping

disable startup music

3D lock screen

take screenshot after 3 sec

setup welcome text in login screen

show message on desktop

launch iOS simulator

show startup launch apps

check detail diskage usage

notch

reduce the menu bar item spacing