pip

installation

[!NOTE|label:references:]
Python Management and Project Dependencies

install pip

from source code

$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python [--no-setuptools] [--no-wheel]
# or
$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.2
# or
$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python - 'pip==8.0.0'

python3.6

$ python3 < <(curl -s https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/3.6/get-pip.py)

example

$ python get-pip.py --no-index --find-links=/local/copies
$ python get-pip.py --user
$ python get-pip.py --proxy="http://[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port"
$ python get-pip.py pip==9.0.2 wheel==0.30.0 setuptools==28.8.0

upgrade pip

linux

$ [sudo [-H]] pip install --upgrade pip

# or - https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/p/python%403.13.rb#L324
$ python3 -Im pip install -v --no-index --upgrade --isolated \
  --target=/usr/local/lib/python3.13/site-packages \
  /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-25.0-py3-none-any.whl \
  /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.13/3.13.2/libexec/wheel-0.45.1-py3-none-any.whl

windows
```
> python -m pip install --upgrade pip
```

from easy_install

$ cd /path/to/install/home/Scripts
$ easy_install pip

$ curl -fsSL https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ba/2c/743df41bd6b3298706dfe91b0c7ecdc47f2dc1a3104abeb6e9aa4a45fa5d/ez_setup-0.9.tar.gz | tar xzf - -C .
$ python ez_setup-0.9/ez_setup.py pip

cache dir and clean caches

clean cache ([pip cache](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_cache/))
```
$ pip cache purge
$ pip cache remove matplotlib
```

set no cache ([pip config](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_config/))

$ pip install --no-cache-dir <pkg-name>

# or
$ pip config set global.cache-dir false

for global user (or non user)

[!NOTE]

export PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH"

# load the user's $HOME/.pip/pip.conf
$ sudo python -m pip install <package-name>

# or
# CANNOT load the user's $HOME/.pip/pip.conf
$ sudo -H pip install <pacakge-name>

re-install package in `site.USER_BASE`

[!NOTE|label:references:]
$ python -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)'
/Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.9
reference:
Can I force pip to reinstall the current version?

$ export PYTHONUSERBASE="$(python -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)')"
$ pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall --user <package-name>

setup default python version

# temporary
$ export VERSIONER_PYTHON_VERSION=3.9

$ defaults write com.apple.versioner.python Version 3.9

`index-url` & `extra-index-url`

[!NOTE] reference:
pip wheel
pip error looking for private package in pypi

$ pip config list
global.extra-index-url='https://private.artifactory.com/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi-dev/simple'
global.index-url='https://private.artifactory.com/artifactory/api/pypi/tools/simple'

list pip package with url

[!NOTE|label:references:]
$ sudo yum install util-linux -y

$ pip list --format=freeze |
      cut -d= -f1 |
      xargs pip show |
      awk '/^Name/{printf $2} /^Home-page/{print ": "$2}' |
      column -t
beautifulsoup4:     http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/
certifi:            https://certifiio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
cffi:               http://cffi.readthedocs.org
chardet:            https://github.com/chardet/chardet
click:              https://palletsprojects.com/p/click/
click-config-file:  http://github.com/phha/click_config_file
colorama:           https://github.com/tartley/colorama
commonmark:         https://github.com/rtfd/commonmark.py
compressed-rtf:     https://github.com/delimitry/compressed_rtf
configobj:          https://github.com/DiffSK/configobj
docker:             https://github.com/docker/docker-py
extract-msg:        https://github.com/mattgwwalker/msg-extractor
git-review:         http://docs.openstack.org/infra/git-review/
idna:               https://github.com/kjd/idna
IMAPClient:         https://github.com/mjs/imapclient/
Markdown:           https://Python-Markdown.github.io/
mdv:                http://github.com/axiros/terminal_markdown_viewer
meson:              https://mesonbuild.com
olefile:            https://www.decalage.info/python/olefileio
pip:                https://pip.pypa.io/
pprintpp:           https://github.com/wolever/pprintpp
psutil:             https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
pycparser:          https://github.com/eliben/pycparser
Pygments:           https://pygments.org/
pytz:               http://pythonhosted.org/pytz
PyUserInput:        https://github.com/SavinaRoja/PyUserInput
requests:           https://requests.readthedocs.io
rich:               https://github.com/willmcgugan/rich
setuptools:         https://github.com/pypa/setuptools
six:                https://github.com/benjaminp/six
soupsieve:          https://github.com/facelessuser/soupsieve
ssdfw-scripts:      https://gerrit.sample.com/a/storage/ssdfw/devops/scripts/devkit
tabulate:           https://github.com/astanin/python-tabulate
typing-extensions:  https://github.com/python/typing/blob/master/typing_extensions/README.rst
tzlocal:            https://github.com/regebro/tzlocal
urllib3:            https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/
websocket-client:   https://github.com/websocket-client/websocket-client.git
wheel:              https://github.com/pypa/wheel
xattr:              http://github.com/xattr/xattr

installing from local packages

osx/unix

$ python -m pip download --destination-directory DIR -r requirements.txt

# --no-index && --find-links
$ python -m pip install --no-index --find-links=DIR -r requirements.txt

windows

$ py -m pip download --destination-directory DIR -r requirements.txt

# --no-index && --find-links
$ py -m pip install --no-index --find-links=DIR -r requirements.txt

remove

remove package and dependencies

$ pip install pip-autoremove
# or
$ python3 -m pip install pip-autoremove

# remove package and dependencies
$ pip-autoremove <package-name> -y

another solution

# pip-uninstall-with-dependencies.py

#
# usage: python pip-uninstall-with-dependencies.py pkg1 [pkg2 ...]
#

from sys import argv
from pip._internal.commands.show import search_packages_info
from pip._internal.cli.main import main
from typing import List, Dict

if len(argv) < 2:
    print(f"Usage: {argv[0]} pkg1 [pkg2 ...]")
    exit(1)

def get_dependency_tree(packages: List[str], candidates: Dict[str, List[str]] = dict()) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
    for package in packages:
        if not candidates.get(package):
            pkg_info = next(search_packages_info([package]))
            candidates[package] = pkg_info.required_by
            for package in pkg_info.requires:
                get_dependency_tree([package])

    return candidates

candidates = get_dependency_tree(argv[1:])

# eliminate required
for package in list(candidates):
    diff = set(candidates[package]).difference(list(candidates))
    if diff:
        print(f"Package {package} cannot be removed, it is required by {diff}")
        del candidates[package]

print("Uninstalling packages and dependencies:", *candidates)
for package in candidates:
    main(['uninstall', '-y', package])

download

[!NOTE|label:references:]
Is there a way to list pip dependencies/requirements?
使用pip下载非Python包资源
pip下载python依赖包

config

options

PARAMETER

VALUE

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE

-r, --requirement

<file>

PIP_REQUIREMENT

-c, --constraint

<file>

PIP_CONSTRAINT

--no-deps

PIP_NO_DEPS, PIP_NO_DEPENDENCIES

--pre

PIP_PRE

-e, --editable

<path/url>

PIP_EDITABLE

--dry-run

PIP_DRY_RUN

-t, --target

<dir>

PIP_TARGET

--platform

<platform>

PIP_PLATFORM

--python-version

<version>

PIP_PYTHON_VERSION

--implementation

<implementation>

PIP_IMPLEMENTATION

--abi

<abi>

PIP_ABI

--user

PIP_USER

--root

<dir>

PIP_ROOT

--prefix

<dir>

PIP_PREFIX

--src

<dir>

PIP_SRC, PIP_SOURCE, PIP_SOURCE_DIR, PIP_SOURCE_DIRECTORY

-U, --upgrade

PIP_UPGRADE

--upgrade-strategy

only-if-needed, eager

PIP_UPGRADE_STRATEGY

--force-reinstall

PIP_FORCE_REINSTALL

-I, --ignore-installed

PIP_IGNORE_INSTALLED

--ignore-requires-python

PIP_IGNORE_REQUIRES_PYTHON

--no-build-isolation

PIP_NO_BUILD_ISOLATION

--use-pep517

PIP_USE_PEP517

--check-build-dependencies

PIP_CHECK_BUILD_DEPENDENCIES

--break-system-packages

PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES

-C, --config-setting

<settings>

PIP_CONFIG_SETTING

--global-option

<options>

PIP_GLOBAL_OPTION

--compile

PIP_COMPILE

--no-compile

PIP_NO_COMPILE

--no-warn-script-location

PIP_NO_WARN_SCRIPT_LOCATION

--no-warn-conflicts

PIP_NO_WARN_CONFLICTS

--no-binary

:all, :none

PIP_NO_BINARY

--only-binary

:all, :none

PIP_ONLY_BINARY

--prefer-binary

PIP_PREFER_BINARY

--require-hashes

PIP_REQUIRE_HASHES

--progress-bar

on, off, raw

PIP_PROGRESS_BAR

--root-user-action

warn, ignore

PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION

--report

<file>

PIP_REPORT

--no-clean

PIP_NO_CLEAN

-i, --index-url

<url>

PIP_INDEX_URL

--extra-index-url

<url>

PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL

--no-index

PIP_NO_INDEX

-f, --find-links

<url>

PIP_FIND_LINKS

list all configs

[!NOTE]
pip config

# to check where config comes from
$ python -m pip config debug
env_var:
env:
global:
  /etc/xdg/pip/pip.conf, exists: False
  /etc/pip.conf, exists: True
    global.index-url: https://private.artifactory.com/artifactory/api/pypi/tools/simple
site:
  /usr/pip.conf, exists: False
user:
  /home/marslo/.pip/pip.conf, exists: False
  /home/marslo/.config/pip/pip.conf, exists: False

$ pip config -v list
For variant 'global', will try loading '/opt/homebrew/share/pip:/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.config/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'site', will try loading '/opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.13/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/pip.conf'
:env:.break-system-packages='true'
global.break-system-package='true'

$ echo $PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES
true

samples

[!NOTE|label:references:]
Configuration

--ignore-installed
```
[install]
ignore-installed = true
```
--no-dependencies
```
[install]
no-dependencies = yes
```
--no-compile
```
[install]
no-compile = yes
```
--no-warn-script-location
```
[install]
no-warn-script-location = yes
```
--no-cache-dir
```
[global]
no-cache-dir = yes
```
--verbose and --quiet
[!NOTE|label:references:]
- verbose: export PIP_VERBOSE=<n> == pip install [-v, -vv, -vvv, -vvvv]
  0: no output
  1: print only errors
  2: print errors and warnings
  3: print errors, warnings, and info
  4: print everything
```
[global]
verbose = 2
quiet = 0
```

--trusted-host

[install]
trusted-host =
    mirror1.example.com
    mirror2.example.com

--find-links

[global]
find-links =
    http://download.example.com

[install]
find-links =
    http://mirror1.example.com
    http://mirror2.example.com

Authentication

tricky

get size of installed pip package

$ pip list |
      tail -n +3 |
      awk '{print $1}' |
      xargs pip show |
      grep --color=never -E 'Location:|Name:' |
      cut -d ' ' -f 2 |
      paste -d ' ' - - |
      awk '{print $2 "/" tolower($1)}' |
      xargs du -sh 2> /dev/null |
      sort -hr
124M  /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.12/lib/python/site-packages/cmake
28M   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/kubernetes
16M   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip
13M   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ansible
9.9M  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cryptography
8.8M  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pygments
5.1M  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools
1.5M  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/msgpack
1.5M  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/greenlet
1.3M  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pycparser
1.3M  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/oauthlib
1.2M  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jinja2
948K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyasn1
848K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cffi
824K  /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.12/lib/python/site-packages/fortls
820K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click
784K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/urllib3
556K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/wheel
556K  /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.12/lib/python/site-packages/pynvim
520K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/tqdm
520K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pipx
520K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna
456K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/requests
360K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/packaging
348K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/asciidoc
312K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi
244K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rsa
204K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/argcomplete
204K  /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.12/lib/python/site-packages/json5
196K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/tabulate
156K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/distlib
140K  /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/resolvelib
96K   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/argopt
88K   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/cachetools
84K   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/userpath
44K   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/platformdirs
32K   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/bashate
28K   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pbr
20K   /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/markupsafe
0     /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/virtualenv
0     /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/tbb
0     /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/openvino
0     /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy
0     /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/filelock
0     /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/docutils

pipx

[!NOTE|label:references:]
pipx

setup pipx

$ python3 -m pip install pipx
$ pipx ensurepath
$ pipx install ansible --include-deps

examles

pipx install

$ pipx install pycowsay
$ pipx install --python python3.10 pycowsay
$ pipx install --python 3.12 pycowsay
$ pipx install --fetch-missing-python --python 3.12 pycowsay
$ pipx install git+https://github.com/psf/black
$ pipx install git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch-name
$ pipx install git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@git-hash
$ pipx install git+ssh://<username>@<private-repo-domain>/<path-to-package.git>
$ pipx install https://github.com/psf/black/archive/18.9b0.zip
$ pipx install black[d]
$ pipx install --preinstall ansible-lint --preinstall mitogen ansible-core
$ pipx install 'black[d] @ git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch-name'
$ pipx install --suffix @branch-name 'black[d] @ git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch-name'
$ pipx install --include-deps jupyter
$ pipx install --pip-args='--pre' poetry
$ pipx install --pip-args='--index-url=<private-repo-host>:<private-repo-port> --trusted-host=<private-repo-host>:<private-repo-port>' private-repo-package
$ pipx install --index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ --pip-args='--extra-index-url https://pypi.org/simple/' some-package
$ pipx --global install pycowsay
$ pipx install .
$ pipx install path/to/some-project

pipx install-all

$ pipx list --json > pipx.json
$ pipx instal-all pipx.json

pipx run

$ pipx run BINARY  # latest version of binary is run with python3
$ pipx run --spec PACKAGE==2.0.0 BINARY  # specific version of package is run
$ pipx run --python python3.10 BINARY  # Installed and invoked with specific Python version
$ pipx run --python python3.9 --spec PACKAGE=1.7.3 BINARY
$ pipx run --spec git+https://url.git BINARY  # latest version on default branch is run
$ pipx run --spec git+https://url.git@branch BINARY
$ pipx run --spec git+https://url.git@hash BINARY
$ pipx run pycowsay moo
$ pipx --version  # prints pipx version
$ pipx run pycowsay --version  # prints pycowsay version
$ pipx run --python pythonX pycowsay
$ pipx run pycowsay==2.0 --version
$ pipx run pycowsay[dev] --version
$ pipx run --spec git+https://github.com/psf/black.git black
$ pipx run --spec git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@branch-name black
$ pipx run --spec git+https://github.com/psf/black.git@git-hash black
$ pipx run --spec https://github.com/psf/black/archive/18.9b0.zip black --help
$ pipx run https://gist.githubusercontent.com/cs01/fa721a17a326e551ede048c5088f9e0f/raw/6bdfbb6e9c1132b1c38fdd2f195d4a24c540c324/pipx-demo.py

pipx inject

$ pipx install ptpython
$ pipx inject ptpython requests pendulum

pipx upgrade-shared

$ pipx upgrade-shared
$ pipx upgrade-shared --pip-args=pip==24.0

troubleshooting

error: externally-managed-environment

[!NOTE|label:references:]
Python 3.11, pip and (breaking) system packages
pip environment variable
pip(3) install，完美解决 externally-managed-environment
Python教程：解决pip安装包时报错：error: externally-managed-environment This environment is externally managed
How do I solve "error: externally-managed-environment" every time I use pip 3?
How to Fix the pip "externally-managed-environment" Error on Linux

issue

$ pip install pipx
error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try brew install
    xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.

    If you wish to install a non-brew-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip.

    If you wish to install a non-brew packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

solution: ignore by pip.config

[!TIP|label:rerefences:]

pip.config:
- ~/.pip/pip.conf
- ~/.config/pip/pip.conf

check pip config:

$ python3 -m pip config debug
env_var:
env:
global:
  /opt/homebrew/share/pip:/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf, exists: False
site:
  /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.13/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/pip.conf, exists: False
user:
  /Users/marslo/.pip/pip.conf, exists: True
    global.break-system-package: true
  /Users/marslo/.config/pip/pip.conf, exists: False

# setup by command
$ python3 -m pip config set global.break-system-packages true

# or added manually
$ cat ~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
break-system-package = true

solution: via option temporary

$ python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip --break-system-packages

# or
$ python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip --system-site-packages

solution: via environment vaiable

$ export PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES=true
$ python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

# or
$ PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES=true python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

solution: remove EXTERNALLY-MANAGED file

# 3.12
$ mv $(brew --prefix python@3.12)/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED{,.bak}
# 3.13
$ mv $(brew --prefix python@3.13)/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED{,.bak}

Skipping ... due to invalid metadata entry 'name'
[!NOTE|label:info]
- changelog : 23.2 (2023-07-15) Deprecate support for eggs for Python 3.11 or later, when the new importlib.metadata backend is used to load distribution metadata. This only affects the egg distribution format (with the .egg extension); distributions using the .egg-info metadata format (but are not actually eggs) are not affected. For more information about eggs, see relevant section in the setuptools documentation
- solution
  $ pip list WARNING: Skipping /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/six-1.16.0-py3.12.egg-info due to invalid metadata entry 'name' $ pip unisntall six $ rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/six-1.16.0-py3.12.egg-info # if necessary $ rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/six-1.16.0-py3.12.dist-info $ pip install six

has inconsistent version

[!NOTE|label:references:]
pip has problems with metadata

solution

$ python -m pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir --use-deprecated=legacy-resolver <your_package>

Previouslist Nextq&a

Last updated 1 month ago

Was this helpful?

installation

install pip

for global user (or non user)

index-url & extra-index-url

remove

download

config

list all configs

samples

tricky

pipx

setup pipx

troubleshooting

`index-url` & `extra-index-url`